Christian France-Lanord

@article{Tachambalath_etal2023,

title = {Data report: major and trace element composition of silicates and carbonates from Bengal Fan sediments, IODP Expedition 354},

author = {A. P. Tachambalath and C. France-Lanord and A. Galy and T. Rigaudier and J. Charreau},

doi = {10.14379/iodp.proc.354.204.2023},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program},

volume = {354},

abstract = {During International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 354, seven sites were drilled along a 320 km east--west transect at 8textdegreeN, constituting a relic of the Neogene sediment record of Himalayan erosion. Bengal Fan is one of the largest deep-sea fans in the world where turbiditic sediments issued from the Ganga and Brahmaputra River Delta and originally supplied by the Himalayan erosion of silicate and carbonate lithologies are deposited and stored. Quantification ofthe chemical composition of silicates and carbonates is necessary to understand the tectonoclimatic history of this region. This report presents the major and trace element concentrations of silicate and carbonate fractions of selected turbiditic samples from Sites U1450 and U1451. Efficient washing followed by refined acid leaching of the sediments was performed to eliminate sea salts and carbonates from these marine sediment samples. Shipboard samples show 20%--40% excess sodium concentration associated with sea salt derived from pore water. Weak acid treatment limits the total carbonate content in the samples to less than 0.1%. Depletion of major and trace elements observed due to acid leaching is attributed to the dissolution of carbonates and cations associated with Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Girault_etal2022,

title = {Radon signature of CO2 flux constrains the depth of degassing: Furnas volcano (Azores, Portugal) versus Syabru\^{a}€‘Bensi (Nepal Himalayas)},

author = {F. Girault and F. Viveiros and C. Silva and S. Thapa and J. E. Pacheco and L. B. Adhikari and M. Bhattarai and B. P. Koirala and P. Agrinier and C. France-Lanord and V. Zanon and J. Vandemeulebrouck and S. Byrdina and F. Perrier},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-14653-5},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {12},

pages = {10837},

abstract = {Substantial terrestrial gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), are associated with active volcanoes and hydrothermal systems. However, while fundamental for the prediction of future activity, it remains difficult so far to determine the depth of the gas sources. Here we show how the combined measurement of CO2 and radon-222 fluxes at the surface constrains the depth of degassing at two hydrothermal systems in geodynamically active contexts: Furnas Lake Fumarolic Field (FLFF, Azores, Portugal) with mantellic and volcano-magmatic CO2, and Syabru-Bensi Hydrothermal System (SBHS, Central Nepal) with metamorphic CO2. At both sites, radon fluxes reach exceptionally high values (\> 10 Bq m\^{a}ˆ’2 s\^{a}ˆ’1) systematically associated with large CO2 fluxes (\> 10 kg m\^{a}ˆ’2 day\^{a}ˆ’1). The significant radon\^{a}€’CO2 fluxes correlation is well reproduced by an advective--diffusive model of radon transport, constrained by a thorough characterisation of radon sources. Estimates of degassing depth, 2580 textpm 180 m at FLFF and 380 textpm 20 m at SBHS, are compatible with known structures of both systems. Our approach demonstrates that radon\^{a}€’CO2 coupling is a powerful tool to ascertain gas sources and monitor active sites. The exceptionally high radon discharge from FLFF during quiescence (\^{a}‰ˆ 9 GBq day\^{a}ˆ’1) suggests significant radon output from volcanoes worldwide, potentially affecting atmosphere ionisation and climate.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Clift_etal2022,

title = {A synthesis of monsoon exploration in the Asian marginal seas},

author = {P. D. Clift and C. Betzler and S. C. Clemens and B. Christensen and G. P. Eberli and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.5194/sd-31-1-2022},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Drilling},

volume = {31},

pages = {1--29},

abstract = {The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) conducted a series of expeditions between 2013 and 2016 that were designed to address the development of monsoon climate systems in Asia and Australia. Significant progress was made in recovering Neogene sections spanning the region from the Arabian Sea to the Sea of Japan and southward to western Australia. High recovery by advanced piston corer (APC) has provided a host of semi-continuous sections that have been used to examine monsoonal evolution. Use of the half-length APC was successful in sampling sand-rich sediment in Indian Ocean submarine fans. The records show that humidity and seasonality developed diachronously across the region, although most regions show drying since the middle Miocene and especially since \^{a}`uthinspace4thinspaceMa, likely linked to global cooling. A transition from C3 to C4 vegetation often accompanied the drying but may be more linked to global cooling. Western Australia and possibly southern China diverge from the general trend in becoming wetter during the late Miocene, with the Australian monsoon being more affected by the Indonesian Throughflow, while the Asian monsoon is tied more to the rising Himalaya in South Asia and to the Tibetan Plateau in East Asia. The monsoon shows sensitivity to orbital forcing, with many regions having a weaker summer monsoon during times of northern hemispheric Glaciation. Stronger monsoons are associated with faster continental erosion but not weathering intensity, which either shows no trend or a decreasing strength since the middle Miocene in Asia. Marine productivity proxies and terrestrial chemical weathering, erosion, and vegetation proxies are often seen to diverge. Future work on the almost unknown Paleogene is needed, as well as the potential of carbonate platforms as archives of paleoceanographic conditions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Davenport_etal2022,

title = {Decoupling of physical and chemical erosion in the Himalayas revealed by radiogenic Ca isotopes},

author = {J. Davenport and G. Caro and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2022.10.031},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {338},

pages = {199--219},

abstract = {Determining the rate of CO2 consumption associated with the Himalayan uplift is an essential prerequisite to understanding climate evolution throughout the Cenozoic. The riverine fluxes of dissolved calcium can be used to quantify uptakes of atmospheric CO2 by chemical weathering, but this approach requires deciphering the silicate-derived Ca flux from the generally dominant carbonate-derived Ca flux. Here we present high-precision radiogenic calcium (40Ca) analyses of bank sediments and dissolved loads from a network of rivers in central Nepal Himalaya and Bangladesh, to constrain the sources and relative contributions of carbonate and silicate-derived calcium to the dissolved loads of Himalayan rivers. Calcium isotope analyses were performed in multidynamic mode by thermal ionization mass spectrometry, yielding an external precision of textpm0.4 $epsilon$-units (2 S.D.). Our results show that silicate catchments exposed in the Himalayan range have variably radiogenic $epsilon$40Ca compositions relative to seawater, ranging from +0.7 in the TSS to +14 in the LH. In contrast, sedimentary carbonates, including metamorphosed dolomites with variably radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr, exhibit uniform $epsilon$40Ca identical to modern seawater. The homogeneous $epsilon$40Ca composition of sedimentary carbonates confirms the relative resistance of radiogenic Ca signatures to post-depositional alteration and provides a robust baseline against which the contribution of silicate weathering to the riverine Ca flux can be evaluated. Dissolved load compositions of rivers draining LH catchments exhibit $epsilon$40Ca values ranging from 0 to +11, reflecting the relative contribution of unradiogenic carbonates and highly radiogenic metapelitic units of the LH sequence. HHC rivers show a more moderate range, from 0.5 to +2, reflecting the less radiogenic composition of HHC paragneisses. Himalayan front rivers draining all three lithotectonic units of the Himalayan range exhibit moderately radiogenic $epsilon$40Ca, ranging from +0.5 to +1.4 and overall similar to the average composition of the Ganga mainstream in Bangladesh. Using an approach combining conventional alkalinity budgets with isotopic mass balance calculations, we show that the dissolved silicate Ca flux of major Himalayan front rivers is primarily derived from the weathering of metapelitic rocks of the lesser Himalaya. In contrast, regions of the high range that generate the bulk of the detrital flux to the Gangetic floodplain represent a subordinate source of silicate-derived Ca. This result demonstrates that the chemical weathering of Ca-silicates in the Himalayan system is decoupled from physical erosion. The extensive erosional activity observed in the high range may thus play a limited role in promoting CO2 consumption and global cooling by silicate weathering.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mrki_etal2021,

title = {An unshakable carbon budget for the Himalaya},

author = {L. M\"{a}rki and M. Lupker and C. France-Lanord and J. Lav\'{e} and S. Gallen and A. P. Gajurel and N. Haguipour and F. Leuenberger-West and T. Eglinton},

doi = {10.1038/s41561-021-00815-z},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Nature Geoscience},

abstract = {The erosion and weathering of mountain ranges exert a key control on the long-term (105--106 yr) cycling of carbon between Earthtextquoterights surface and crust. The net carbon budget of a mountain range reflects the co-existence of multiple carbon sources andsinks, with corresponding fluxes remaining difficult to quantify. Uncertain responses of these carbon fluxes due to the stochastic nature of erosional processes further complicate the extrapolation of short-term observations to longer, climatically relevant timescales. Here, we quantify the evolution of the organic and inorganic carbon fluxes in response to the 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7.8) in the central Himalaya. We find that the Himalayan erosion acts as a net carbon sink due mainly to efficient biospheric organic carbon export. Our high-resolution time series encompassing four monsoon seasons before and afterthe Gorkha earthquake reveal that coseismic landslides did not significantly perturb large-scale Himalayan sediment and carbon fluxes. This muted response of the central Himalaya to a geologically frequent perturbation such as the Gorkha earthquake further suggests that our estimates are representative of at least interglacial timescales.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Charreau_etal2020,

title = {A 6 Ma record of palaeodenudation in the central Himalayas from in situ cosmogenic 10 Be in the Surai section},

author = {J. Charreau and J. Lav\'{e} and C. France-Lanord and N. Puchol and P. H. Blard and R. Pik and A. P. Gajurel and ASTER Team.},

doi = {10.1111/bre.12511},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Basin Research},

pages = {1--22},

abstract = {To better constrain late Neogene denudation of the Himalayas, we analysed in situ 10Be concentrations in 17 Neogene sediment samples of the Surai section (central Nepal) and two modern sediment samples of the Rapti River. We first refined the depositional ages of the Surai section from 36 new paleomagnetic analyses, five 26Al/10Be burial ages, and, based on the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm, 104 automatically calculated likely magnetostratigraphic correlations. We also traced changing sediment sources using major element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, finding at 4--3Ma a switch from a large, trans-Himalayan river to a river draining only the Lesser Himalaya and Siwalik piedmont, increasing the contribution of recycled sediments at that time. 10Be concentrations in Neogene sediments range from (1.00 textpm0.36) to (5.22textpm0.98)texttimes103 at g--1 and decrease with stratigraphic age. Based on a flood plain transport model, our refined age model, and assuming a drainage change at 4--3Ma, we reconstructed 10Be concentrations at the time of deposition. Assuming cosmogenic production rates similar to those of the modern basins, we calculated palaeodenudation rates of 0.9textpm0.5 to 3.9textpm2.7mm a --1 from ca. 6 to 3Ma in the palaeo-Karnali basin and 0.6textpm0.2 to 1.6textpm0.8mm a --1 since ca. 3Ma in the palaeo-Rapti basin. Given the uncertainties and similar modern values of 2mm a--1, the palaeo-Karnali denudation rates may have been steady at 1.7textpm0.3mm a--1 for the last ca. 6Ma. A transient acceleration of the denudation in the palaeo-Rapti basin of 1.5mm a--1 since ca. 1.5Ma was likely due to the reworking of older, 10Be-depleted Siwalik sediments in the foreland. If true, this steadiness of the denudation rates may suggest that Quaternary glaciations did not largely affect Himalayan denudation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lnard_etal2020,

title = {Data report : calcareous nannofossils and lithologic constraints on the age model of IODP Site U1450, Expedition 354, Bengal Fan},

author = {S. L\'{e}nard and J. Cruz and C. France-Lanord and J. Lav\'{e} and B. T. Reilly},

doi = {10.14379/iodp.proc.354.203.2020},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program},

volume = {354},

pages = {1--5},

abstract = {International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 354 Site U1450 was drilled at the center of a transect of 7 sites across the Bengal Fan at 8textdegreeN where long-term accumulation rates are highest. Site U1450 primarily consists of sandy and silty-sandy turbidites deposited at a rate higher than 20 cm/ky. During periods when the depocenter shifted away from Site U1450, calcareous clay hemipelagic sediment was deposited at lower accumulation rates around 1--2 cm/ky. Dating of the lower Pleistocene and Pliocene sequences is hindered by the scarcity of microfossils in turbidites and the restriction of paleomagnetic data to the upper 190 m. This report presents the identification of new calcareous nannofossils collected from hemipelagic and turbiditic intervals between 218 and 687 m core depth below seafloor, Method A (CSF-A). These data are consolidated in a statistical age model that is constrained with ranges of plausible accumulation rates for the distinct lithologies. The age probability model ranges from 1.2 to 7.3 Ma for depths from 175.8 to 812.0 m CSF-A. Depending on constraints, 2$sigma$ uncertainties are around textpm0.2 and 0.4 Ma.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lnard_etal2020_2,

title = {Steady erosion rates in the Himalayas through late Cenozoic climatic changes},

author = {S. L\'{e}nard and J. Lav\'{e} and C. France-Lanord and G. Auma^itre and D. Bourl`es and K. Keddadouche},

doi = {10.1038/s41561-020-0585-2},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Nature Geoscience},

abstract = {Sediment accumulation rates and thermal trackers suggest a substantial and global increase in erosion rates over the past few million years. That increase is commonly associated with the impact of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation, but methodological biases have led researchers to debate this hypothesis. Here, we test whether Himalayan erosion rates increased by measuring beryllium-10 (10Be) in the sediment of the Bengal Bay seabed. Sediment originated from rocks that produced 10Be under the impact of cosmic rays during erosion near surface. Thus, the 10Be concentrations indicate erosion rates. The 10Be concentration of the Bengal Bay sediment depends on the contributions of the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers. Their sediments have distinct 10Be concentrations because of distinct elevations and erosion in their drainage basins. Variable contributions could thus complicate erosion-rate calculation. We traced these contributions by a provenance study using the strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotopic sediment compositions. Within uncertainties of textpm30%, our reconstructed past erosion rates show no long-term increase for the past six million years. This stability suggests that climatic changes during the late Cenozoic have an undetectable impact on the erosion patterns in the Himalayas, at least on the ten thousand to million year timescales accounted for by our dataset.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mrki_etal2020,

title = {Molecular tracing of riverine soil organic matter from the Central Himalaya},

author = {L. M\"{a}rki and M. Lupker and A. P. Gajurel and H. Gies and N. Haghipour and S. Gallen and C. France-Lanord and J. Lav\'{e} and T. Eglinton},

doi = {10.1029/2020GL087403},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},

volume = {47},

number = {16},

pages = {e2020GL087403},

abstract = {The isomer distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) in soils has been shown to correlate to the local mean annual temperature. Here, we explore the use of brGDGT distributions as proxy for the elevation at which soil organic carbon is preferentially mobilized in the Central Himalaya. Soil brGDGT distributions collected along an altitudinal profile, spanning elevations from 200 to 4,450 m asl, are linearly correlated to elevation. We use this calibration to trace the provenance of soil organic matter in suspended sediments of rivers draining the Himalaya. BrGDGT distributions of fluvial sediments reflect the mean elevation of the soil cover in most catchments. Inverse modeling of the brGDGT data set suggests similar relative contribution to soil organic carbon mobilization from different land covers within a factor 2. We conclude that riverine soil organic carbon export in the Himalaya mostly occurs pervasively and is at the catchment scale insensitive to anthropogenic perturbations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Reilly_etal2020,

title = {Middle to late Pleistocene evolution of the Bengal Fan : Integrating core and seismic observations for chronostratigraphic modeling of the IODP Expedition 354 8textdegree North transect},

author = {B. T. Reilly and F. Bergmann and M. E. Weber and J. S. Stoner and P. Selkin and L. Meynadier and T. Schwenk and V. Spiess and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1029/2019GC008878},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems G3},

volume = {21},

pages = {e2019GC008878},

abstract = {We investigate chronology and age uncertainty for the middle to upper Pleistocene lower Bengal Fan using a novel age‐depth modeling approach that factors lithostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, cyclostratigraphic, and seismic stratigraphic constraints, based on results from the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 354 Bengal Fan and analysis of the GeoB97‐020/027 seismic line. The initial chronostratigraphic framework is established using regionally extensive hemipelagic sediment units, and only age‐depth models of fan deposits that respect the superposition of channel‐levee systems between sites are accepted. In doing so, we reconstruct signals of regional sediment accumulation rate and lithogenic sediment input through the perspective of a two‐dimensional 320 km transect at 8textdegreeN that are consistent with more distal and more ambiguous regional records. This chronology allows us to discuss the depositional history of the middle to upper Pleistocene lower Bengal Fan within the context of sea level, climate, and tectonic controls. We hypothesize, based on the timing of accumulation rate changes, that progradation and intensification of the Bengal Fantextquoterights channel‐levee system at 8textdegreeN was largely driven by increases in sea level amplitude during this time. However, it is also possible this progradation was influenced by changes in Pleistocene climate and increased Himalayan erosion rates, driving greater sediment flux to the fan.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vanderVeen_etal2020,

title = {Validation and calibration of soil $delta$2H and brGDGTs along (E-W) and strike (N-S) of the Himalayan climatic gradient},

author = {I. Veen and F. Peterse and J. Davenport and B. Meese and B. Bookhagen and C. France-Lanord and A. Kahmen and H. J. Hassenruck-Gudipati and A. Gajurel and M. R. Strecker and D. Sachse},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2020.09.014},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {290},

pages = {408--423},

abstract = {Reconstructing the timing of mountain range uplift and the evolution of high-altitude plateaus is important when attempting to understand potential feedbacks between tectonics and climate at geological timescales. This requires proxies that are able to accurately reconstruct elevation during different time periods in the past. Often, the sensitivity of climatic parameters to elevation gradients, recorded in geological archives such as soils, is used to estimate paleoelevations. However, most proxies reflect an indirect response to elevation change, adding uncertainties to reconstructions. In this study, we aim to identify those sources of uncertainty with respect to elevation reconstructions and test if the combined application of two such proxies, i.e., stable isotopes ($delta$2H) of plant waxes in modern soils and surface waters and bacterial membrane lipids (brGDGTs) in soils, which can potentially reduce uncertainties in the estimation of (paleo-) elevation. We performed this study in four Himalayan catchments (from west to east: Sutlej, Alaknanda, Khudi, and Arun), of which each individual catchment is subject to a unique precipitation regime, relative influences of moisture sources, and vegetation cover. In total, we analyzed 275 surface water samples, 9 precipitation samples, 131 xylem water samples, and 60 soil samples, which were collected between 2009 and 2014.The following key observations were made: Soil nC31-alkane $delta$2H values ($delta$2Hwax) in the Sutlej, Alaknanda, Khudi, and Arun generally record surface water $delta$2H values, confirming that the first-order control on the plant wax isotopic signature is precipitation $delta$2H and, therefore, the elevation in orogenic settings. We identified aridity as the factor that introduces scatter to this relationship. BrGDGT-derived Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) correlates in a statistically significant manner with sample site elevation and a 14-year annual average of remotely sensed land-surface temperature, showing that the main process influencing the brGDGT distribution is the adiabatic cooling of air.In an effort to combine these proxies to improve uncertainties in elevation reconstruction, elevations were inferred from both the $delta$2Hwax and brGDGT distributions. Arid, high elevation sites appear to underestimate actual sample site elevations using $delta$2H values while sites subject to high (\>23--25 textdegreeC) annual temperatures overestimate the actual sample site elevation using brGDGT distributions. Elevations inferred from both proxies under such paleoclimatic conditions should be interpreted with caution. Elevations derived from the brGDGT distribution appear to most accurately reconstruct elevation. However, we show that the difference in elevation between the two proxies, described by the proposed $Delta$Elevation parameter, can provide information on the hydrological conditions of the soiltextquoterights depositional environment. In conclusion, we emphasize that knowledge of the sample sitetextquoterights climatic conditions are essential to reconstruct elevation from paleoarchives. In particular, knowledge of moisture availability and annual air temperatures are important, as these have been found to cause the largest scatter in the observed data.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bachari_etal2019,

title = {The Cenomanian---Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) in north-central Tunisia (Jebels Serj and Bargou) integrated into regional data (Algeria to Tunisia)},

author = {M. Bachari and D. Grosheny and S. Ferry and C. France-Lanord and M. H. Negra},

doi = {10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.015},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Cretaceous Research},

volume = {94},

pages = {108--125},

abstract = {Two new sections covering the Cenomanian---Turonian transition have been studied at the foot of the Kasserine platform in the northeastern Mellegue basin (Jebels Serj and Bargou). They show, in the uppermost part of the Cenomanian Fahdene Formation, a Pre-Bahloul unit overlain by the well-known Bahloul black shale. Combined foraminiferal and isotope data of the sections complement other published results : (1) extinction of rotaliporids atop of the Pre-Bahloul bed during the build-up of the Cenomanian---Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) $delta$13C positive shift, (2) Heterohelix bloom during the deposition of the Bahloul black shale, (3) filament event during $delta$13C return to normal values, and (4) first occurrence of Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica during the transition to the marlstone of the Annaba Formation. The Bahloul black shale is here divided into three units, U1 to U3 which are compared with the other sections of the Mellegue basin.The bulk of this paper is a comparison of the two new sections with revisited nearby sections of the Mellegue basin, as well as with those published from the south Tunisian Gafsa trough and Saharan Atlas of Algeria. The comparison suggests that the pre-Bahloul of the Mellegue basin is correlatable with the transgressive fine-grained limestone bed underlying the CTB black shale in the corridors between isolated, keep-up platform carbonates of the Ouled Nail in Algeria, as well as the fine-grained limestone bed overlying upper Cenomanian shallow-water deposits of southern Tunisia. Its sequence stratigraphic significance in the Mellegue basin should therefore be recognized as a deeper-water equivalent of a transgressive systems tract, instead of being interpreted as a lowstand or highstand as it is by other authors. If correct, the inception of the CTBE $delta$13C shift would correspond to a transgression over most of Algeria and Tunisia, as observed in the North American Western Interior.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bergmann_etal2019,

title = {Middle to Late Pleistocene Architecture and Stratigraphy of the lower Bengal Fan -- Integrating multichannel seismic data and IODP Expedition 354 result},

author = {F. Bergmann and T. Schwenk and V. Spiess and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1029/2019GC008702},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems G3},

volume = {21},

pages = {2019GC008702},

abstract = {Utilizing a novel dataset of integrated high‐resolution multichannel seismic data with IODP Expedition 354 drilling results, a Middle to Late Pleistocene stratigraphy for the lower Bengal Fan is developed. The study reveals a high lateral and temporal variability of deposition expressed by lateral shifts (often exceeding 100 km) between successive channel‐levee systems (CLSs), which occurred on average every textasciitilde15 kyrs independent from sea‐level changes. The CLSs are embedded in sheeted sediments deposited out of unchannelized turbidity currents, which represent almost two thirds of the lower Bengal Fan sediments. On 100‐kyrs time‐scales, CLSs and sheeted/unchannelized sediments build up subfans, which alternately occupied the western and the eastern Bengal Fan, while the remaining area was draped by textasciitilde10‐20 m thick layers of background/hemipelagic sediments. Three subfans have been reconstructed: Subfan B (1.24‐0.68 Ma) formed concurrently with the Middle Pleistocene Hemipelagic Layer (MPHL), Subfan C (0.68‐0.25 Ma) covered the entire study area, and Subfan D (0.25 Ma -- recent) deposited concomitant with the Late Pleistocene Hemipelagic Layer (LPHL). The continuous succession of subfans indicates an uninterrupted fan activity independent from sea‐level cycles at least since the Middle Pleistocene. This remarkable independent behavior in terms of sediment supply has not been observed at the Amazon Fan but is in agreement with observations from the Congo Fan.Finally, the analysis of a complete cross‐section through the lower Bengal Fan reveals that almost half of the sediment represents sands, indicating that the lower Bengal Fan may not generally be classified as textquoteleftmud‐richtextquoteright (≤30% sand).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Borromeo_etal2019,

title = {Provenance of Bengal shelf sediments: 1. Mineralogy and geochemistry of silt},

author = {L. Borromeo and S. Ando and C. France-Lanord and G. Coletti and A. Hahn and E. Garzanti},

doi = {10.3390/min9100640},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {9},

number = {10},

pages = {640},

abstract = {This article illustrates a multi-technique frontier approach for the provenance study of silt-size sediments. The mineralogical composition of low-density and heavy-mineral fractions of four samples of fine to very coarse silt deposited on the Bengal shelf was analyzed separately for six different grain-size classes by combining grain counting under an optical microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The geochemical composition was determined on both bulk-sediment samples and on their \<5-$mu$m classes. Such a textquotelefttextquoteleftmultiple-windowtextquoterighttextquoteright approach allowed capturing the full mineralogical information contained in each sample, as well as the size-dependent intra-sample variability of all compositional parameters. The comparison between grain-size distributions obtained by different methods highlighted a notable fallacy of laser granulometry, which markedly overestimated the size of the finest mode represented by fine silt and clay. As a test case, we chose to investigate sediments of the Bengal shelf, where detritus is fed from the Meghna estuary, formed by the joint Ganga and Brahmaputra Rivers and representing the largest single entry point of sediment in the worldtextquoterights oceans. The studied samples show the typical fingerprint of orogenic detritus produced by focused erosion of collision orogens. Bengal shelf silt is characterized by a feldspatho-quartzose (F-Q) composition with a Q/F ratio decreasing from 3.0 to 1.7 with increasing grain size, plagioclase prevailing over K-feldspar, and rich transparent-heavy-mineral assemblages including mainly amphibole with epidote, and minor garnet and pyroxene. Such a detrital signature compares very closely with Brahmaputra suspended load, but mineralogical and geochemical parameters, including the anomalous decrease of the Q/F ratio with increasing grain size, consistently indicate more significant Ganga contribution for cohesive fine silt. The accurate quantitative characterization of different size fractions of Bengal shelf sediments represents an essential step to allow comparison of compositional signatures characterizing different segments of this huge source-to-sink system, from fluvial and deltaic sediments of the Himalayan foreland basin and Bengal shelf to the Bengal Fan},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garzanti_etal2019,

title = {Provenance of Bengal shelf sediments: 2. Petrology and Geochemistry of sand},

author = {E. Garzanti and G. Vezzoli and S. Ando and M. Limonta and L. Borromeo and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.3390/min9100642},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Minerals},

volume = {9},

number = {10},

pages = {642},

abstract = {The Bangladesh lowlands are traversed by the largest sediment flux on the planet. Detritus generated mostly in Himalayan highlands and conveyed through the Ganga--Brahmaputra rivers and Meghna estuary reaches the Bay of Bengal, where it forms a composite deltaic system. This study integrates the vast existing database on Ganga--Brahmaputra sediments of all grain sizes from clay to sand with new petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data on estuarine and shallow-marine sands. A large spectrum of compositional signatures was used to: (i) assess the relative supply of the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers to estuarine and shelfal sediments; (ii) define the compositional variability of estuarine sediments and the impact exerted by hydraulic sorting and climate-related chemical weathering on provenance signals; (iii) define the compositional variability of shelf sediments and the potential hydrodynamic segregation of fast-settling heavy minerals in coastal environments and of slow-settling platy micas on low-energy outer-shelf floors; (iv) consider the potential additional mud supply from the western subaerial part of the delta formerly built by the Ganga River; and (v) draw a preliminary mineralogical comparison between fluvio-deltaic sediments and turbidites of the Bengal--Nicobar deep-sea fan, thus tracing sediment dispersal across the huge sedimentary system extending from Tibet to the equatorial Indian Ocean. All investigated mineralogical and geochemical parameters, as well as Sr and Nd isotope ratios and clay--mineral assemblages, showed a clear prevalence in sediment supply from the Brahmaputra (60--70%) over the Ganga (30--40%). Heavy-mineral suites and Sr and Nd isotope fingerprints of Bengal shelf sediments are nearly identical to those of the Brahmaputra River and Meghna estuary, also because the Brahmaputra carries almost twice as many Ca-plagioclase grains and heavy minerals including epidote than the Ganga, and these minerals control the large majority of the Sr and Nd budgets. The experience gained in modern settings can be directly extrapolated only to the recent past, because sediments older than the late Pleistocene and buried more than a few hundred meters begin to lose less durable ferromagnesian minerals by selective chemical dissolution, which makes quantitative estimates progressively less robust in more deeply buried older strata},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lee_etal2019,

title = {Sustained wood burial in the Bengal Fan over the last 19 My},

author = {H. Lee and V. Galy and X. Feng and C. Ponton and A. Galy and C. France-Lanord and S. J. Feakins},

doi = {10.1073/pnas.1913714116},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},

volume = {116},

number = {45},

pages = {22518--22525},

abstract = {The Ganges--Brahmaputra (G-B) River system transports over a billion tons of sediment every year from the Himalayan Mountains to the Bay of Bengal and has built the worldtextquoterights largest active sedimentary deposit, the Bengal Fan. High sedimentation rates drive exceptional organic matter preservation that represents a long-term sink for atmospheric CO2. While much attention has been paid to organic-rich fine sediments, coarse sediments have generally been overlooked as a locus of organic carbon (OC) burial. However, International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 354 recently discovered abundant woody debris (millimeter- to centimeter-sized fragments) preserved within the coarse sediment layers of turbidite beds recovered from 6 marine drill sites along a transect across the Bengal Fan (�`u8textdegreeN, �`u3,700-m water depth) with recovery spanning 19 My. Analysis of bulk wood and lignin finds mostly lowland origins of wood delivered episodically. In the last 5 My, export included C4 plants, implying that coarse woody, lowland export continued after C4 grassland expansion, albeit in reduced amounts. Substantial export of coarse woody debris in the last 1 My included one wood-rich deposit (�`u0.05 Ma) that encompassed coniferous wood transported from the headwaters. In coarse layers, we found on average 0.16 weight % OC, which is half the typical biospheric OC content of sediments exported by the modern G-B Rivers. Wood burial estimates are hampered by poor drilling recovery of sands. However, high-magnitude, low-frequency wood export events are shown to be a key mechanism for C burial in turbidites.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bosia_etal2018,

title = {U-series disequilibria in minerals from Gandak River sediments (Himalaya)},

author = {C. Bosia and F. Chabaux and E. Pelt and A. Cogez and P. Stille and E. Deloule and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.026},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {477},

number = {22-34},

abstract = {The impact of mineralogical sorting on U-Th-Ra variations observed for the Ganga sediments in the Himalayan alluvial plain due to transport and deposition processes highlights the importance to better understand the U-series isotopic system in Himalayan minerals. For this purpose, U, Th, and Ra concentrations, along with 238U--234U--230Th--226Ra radioactive disequilibria, were measured in several pure mineral fractions, i.e. monazite, zircon, titanite, ilmenite, rutile, garnet, magnetite, quartz, biotite and muscovite, separated from one bank sediment of the Gandak River (Ganga Basin). The data, obtained through a double digestion protocol in high pressure and high-temperature vessels, confirm that U and Th concentrations and isotopic ratios of the sediments are mainly influenced by a few minor mineral species that are very enriched in U and Th, namely, monazite, titanite and epidote, as well as major minerals with lower U and Th concentrations, such as quartz. More importantly, the data clearly indicate that, similarly to whole rock samples, the U-Th-Ra systematics of individual minerals have likely recorded complex U-Th-Ra fractionations. In particular, the 226Ra enrichment observed in the biotite and clay fractions likely results from the affinity of Ra for phyllosilicate minerals, while the 230Th and, to a lesser extent the 234U enrichment observed for the other minerals might result from a nuclide adsorption process on the Fe-oxide coatings present on the grains or directly on the mineral surface. The linear trend outlined by the minerals phases in the (226Ra/230Th) vs (230Th/234U) diagram suggests that 230Th is probably mobilized from zircons, the only fraction presenting (230Th/234U) \< 1, and from monazites, and redistributed among the all minerals during weathering. Such a scenario suggest that zircon weathering, evidenced in this study, must have been very recent, estimated\< 2000 years by a modeling approach, including simulation of nuclides mobility by alpha-recoil ejection and loss and gain processes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Girault_etal2018,

title = {Persistent CO2 emissions and hydrothermal unrest following the 2015 earthquake in Nepal},

author = {F. Girault and L. B. Adhikari and C. France-Lanord and P. Agrinier and B. P. Koirala and M. Bhattarai and S. S. Mahat and C. Groppo and F. Rolfo and L. Bollinger and F. Perrier},

doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-05138-z},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Nature Communications},

volume = {9},

number = {2956},

abstract = {Fluid--earthquake interplay, as evidenced by aftershock distributions or earthquake-induced effects on near-surface aquifers, has suggested that earthquakes dynamically affect permeability of the Earthtextquoterights crust. The connection between the mid-crust and the surface was further supported by instances of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with seismic activity, so far only observed in magmatic context. Here we report spectacular non-volcanic CO2 emissions and hydrothermal disturbances at the front of the Nepal Himalayas following the deadly 25 April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (moment magnitude Mw = 7.8). The data show unambiguously the appearance, after the earthquake, sometimes with a delay of several months, of CO2 emissions at several sites separated by \> 10 kilometres, associated with persistent changes in hydrothermal discharges, including a complete cessation. These observations reveal that Himalayan hydrothermal systems are sensitive to co- and postseismic deformation, leading to non-stationary release of metamorphic CO2 from active orogens. Possible pre-seismic effects need further confirmation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Morin_etal2018,

title = {Annual sediment transport dynamics in the Narayani basin, Central Nepal : Assessing the impacts of erosion processes in the annual sediment budget},

author = {G. P. Morin and J. Lav\'{e} and C. France-Lanord and T. Rigaudier and A. P. Gajurel and R. Sinha},

doi = {10.1029/2017JF004460},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research ?\u{I} Earth Surface},

volume = {123},

abstract = {Identifying the roles of erosional processes in the denudation of mountain ranges requires a better understanding of erosional sensitivity to climatic, topographic, or lithologic controls. We analyzed erosion in the Narayani River basin (draining central Nepal and presenting contrasted lithologic and geochemical signatures in its outcropping rocks and a wide variety of erosional processes and climaticconditions) to assess the relative contributions of erosion processes to the annual sediment export. By combining acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements with depth profiles and daily surface samplings of the suspended load, we propose a simplified model to precisely calculate sediment fluxes at the basin outlet. We estimate an equivalent erosion rate of 1:8+0:35-0:2 mm/year for the year 2010, similar to the average value of 1:6+0:35-0:2 mm/year estimated from 15 years of records and long-term (textasciitildeky) denudation rates of 1.7 mm/year derived from cosmogenic nuclides. The stability of erosion is attributed to efficient bufferingbehavior and spatial integration in the drainage system. Strong relations between rainfall events and the sediment export suggest that the system is mainly supply limited. Combining physical calculation of sediment fluxes with grain size analyses and geochemical tracers (hydroxyl isotopic compositions, carbonate contents, and total organic carbon content), we estimate that glacial and soil erosion do not contribute more than 10% and a few percentage, respectively, to the total budget and are only detectable during premonsoon and early monsoon periods. During the monsoon, erosion by landslides and mass wasting events overwhelms the sediment budget, confirming the dominant role of these erosional processes in activemountain chains.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hein_etal2017,

title = {Post-glacial climate forcing of surface processes in the Ganges--Brahmaputra river basin and implications for carbon sequestration},

author = {C. J. Hein and V. Galy and A. Galy and C. France-Lanord and H. Kudrass and T. Schwenk},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.013},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {478},

pages = {89--101},

abstract = {Climate has been proposed to control both the rate of terrestrial silicate weathering and the export rate of associated sediments and terrestrial organic carbon to river-dominated margins -- and thus the rate of sequestration of atmospheric CO2in the coastal ocean -- over glacial--interglacial timescales. Focused on the Ganges--Brahmaputra rivers, this study presents records of post-glacial changes in basin-scale Indian summer monsoon intensity and vegetation composition based on stable hydrogen ($delta$D) and carbon ($delta$13C) isotopic compositions of terrestrial plant wax compounds preserved in the channel--levee system of the Bengal Fan. It then explores the role of these changes in controlling the provenance and degree of chemical weathering of sediments exported by these rivers, and the potential climate feedbacks through organic-carbon burial in the Bengal Fan. An observed 40-shift in $delta$D and a 3--4-shift in both bulk organic-carbon and plant-wax $delta$13C values between the late glacial and mid-Holocene, followed by a return to more intermediate values during the late Holocene, correlates well with regional post-glacial paleoclimate records. Sediment provenance proxies (Sr, Nd isotopic compositions) reveal that these changes likely coincided with a subtle focusing of erosion on the southern flank of the Himalayan range during periods of greater monsoon strength and enhanced sediment discharge. However, grain-size-normalized organic-carbon concentrations in the Bengal Fan remained constant through time, despite order-of-magnitude level changes in catchment-scale monsoon precipitation and enhanced chemical weathering (recorded as a gradual increase in K/Si∗and detrital carbonate content, and decrease in H2O+/Si∗, proxies) throughout the study period. These findings demonstrate a partial decoupling of climate change and silicate weathering during the Holocene and that marine organic-carbon sequestration rates primary reflect rates of physical erosion and sediment export as modulated by climatic changes. Together, these results reveal the magnitude of climate changes within the Ganges--Brahmaputra basin following deglaciation and a closer coupling of monsoon strength with OC burial than with silicate weathering on millennial timescales.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lupker_etal2017,

title = {10Be systematics in the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra catchment : the cosmogenic nuclide legacy of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis},

author = {M. Lupker and J. Lav\'{e} and C. France-Lanord and M. Christl and D. Bourl`es and J. Carcaillet and C. Maden and R. Wieler and M. Rahman and D. Bezbaruah and L. Xiaohan},

doi = {10.5194/esurf-5-429-2017},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},

volume = {5},

pages = {429--449},

abstract = {The Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River drains the eastern part of the Himalayan range and flows from the Tibetan Plateau through the eastern Himalayan syntaxis downstream to the Indo-Gangetic floodplain and the Bay of Bengal. As such, it is a unique natural laboratory to study how denudation and sediment production processes are transferred to river detrital signals. In this study, we present a new 10Be data set to constrain denudation rates across the catchment and to quantify the impact of rapid erosion within the syntaxis region on cosmogenic nuclide budgets and signals. The measured 10Be denudation rates span around 2 orders of magnitude across individual catchments (ranging from 0.03 to \> 4mmyr-1) and sharply increase as the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra flows across the eastern Himalaya. The increase in denudation rates, however, occurs 150 km downstream of the Namche Barwa--Gyala Peri massif (NBGPm), an area which has been previously characterized by extremely high erosion and exhumation rates. We suggest that this downstream lag is mainly due to the physical abrasion of coarse-grained, low 10Be concentration, landslide material produced within the syntaxis that dilutes the upstream high-concentration 10Be flux from the Tibetan Plateau only after abrasion has transferred sediment to the studied sand fraction. A simple abrasion model produces typical lag distances of 50 to 150 km compatible with our observations. Abrasion effects reduce the spatial resolution over which denudation can be constrained in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. In addition, we also highlight that denudation rate estimates are dependent on the sediment connectivity, storage, and quartz content of the upstream Tibetan Plateau part of the catchment, which tends to lead to an overestimation of downstream denudation rates. While no direct 10Be denudation measurements were made in the syntaxis, the dilution of the upstream 10Be signal, measured in Tsangpo-Brahmaputra sediments, provides constraints on the denudation rates in that region. These denudation estimates range from ca. 2 to 5mmyr-1 for the entire syntaxis and ca. 4 to 28mmyr-1 for the NBGPm, which is significantly higher than other large catchments. Overall, 10Be concentrations measured at the outlet of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra in Bangladesh suggest a sediment flux between 780 and 1430 Mt yr-1 equivalent to a denudation rate between 0.7 and 1.2mmyr-1 for the entire catchment},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Salardon_etal2017,

title = {Interactions between tectonics and fluid circulations in an inverted hyper-extended basin: Example of mesozoic carbonate rocks of the western North Pyrenean Zone (Cha^inons B\'{e}arnais, France)},

author = {R. Salardon and C. Carpentier and N. Bellahsen and J. Pironon and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.11.018},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Marine and petroleum Geology},

volume = {80},

pages = {563--586},

abstract = {Interactions between fracturing,fluid circulations and fluid chemistry in hyper-extended margins are still poorly described as most of them are located offshore, buried underneath post-rift sediments. The southern Aquitaine basin and the northern Pyrenees constitute an appropriate case study to investigate these interactions since a model of hyper extended margin with mantle exhumation during the Lower Cretaceous subsequently inverted was recently proposed. From a field study, we here describe three main sets of fractures (set 1 to set 3). They are correlated with main stages of the geodynamic evolution of the basin corresponding to the Liassic rifting, the Aptian-Cenomanian hyper-extension, and the Pyrenean compression. Petrographic observations, Raman and micro-thermometry analysis onfluid inclusions, ICP-MS, and isotope analysis permitted to determine chemistries, temperatures, redox conditions, gas compositions, oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures, and REE contents of parent fluids for cements precipitated during each episode. In particular saddle dolomite and chlorite precipitated in set 2 fractures during the hyper-extension corresponding to the thermal peak at temperatures higherthan 300 textdegreeC. The isotopic signature, the high CO2 content, the occurrence of H2S and the high salinity of parent fluids suggest ascending magmatic fluids percolating across Triassic evaporites. The late and post hyper-extensional phase is characterized by hydraulic brecciation in dolomitic formations, a decrease intemperature and salinity, a decrease in magmatic contribution in parent fluids, a closing of the diagenetic system during burial and a switch to reducing conditions during the precipitation of quartz, pyrite and calcite. The Pyrenean compressive phase associated with the third fracturing stage induced a reopening of the diagenetic system and favored a return to oxidizing conditions and in filtrations of meteoric fluids},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shen_etal2017,

title = {History of Asian eolian input to the Sea of Japan since 15 Ma: Links to Tibetan uplift or global cooling?},

author = {X. Shen and S. Wan and C. France-Lanord and P. D. Clift and R. Tada and S. R\'{e}villon and X. Shi and D. Zhao and Y. Liu and X. Yin and Z. Song and A. Li},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2017.06.053},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {474},

pages = {296--308},

abstract = {We present high-resolution analyses of clay mineral assemblages combined with analysis of Sr--Nd--Pb isotopic compositions of the \<2 $mu$m silicate fraction of sediments from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1430 in the southern Sea of Japan, in order to trace the sources of clay minerals and reconstruct proxy records of past changes in Asian eolian input to the basin since 15 Ma. The clay mineral assemblages at IODP Site U1430 mainly consist of smectite (�`u51%) and illite (�`u36%), with minor kaolinite (�`u7%) and chlorite (�`u6%). Provenance analysis suggests that the fine-grained sediment at the study site is a two end-member mixture of eolian dust from Central Asia and fluvial input from the Japanese islands. The Central Asian end member supplied illite-rich and high 87Sr/86Sr and low $epsilon$Nd(0) eolian dust to the study site by wind, while the Japanese end member, characterized by young volcanic rocks, contributed smectite-rich, low 87Sr/86Sr and high $epsilon$Nd(0) weathering products via rivers. The ratio of illite/smectite and $epsilon$Nd(0) values of clay-sized silicate sediments at Site U1430 were used as proxies for tracing the changing strength of central Asian eolian input to the Sea of Japan, and thus reconstruct the aridification history of its source region. Our study presents for the first time a continuous, high-resolution record that highlights the four-step drying of Central Asia that occurred at �`u11.8 Ma, 8 Ma, 3.5 Ma and 1.2 Ma. Considered the nature and timing of major climatic and tectonic events in Asia, we conclude that the strengthened aridification of Central Asia starting at �`u11.8 Ma was possibly driven by the combined effect of Tibetan surface uplift and global cooling, whereas the rapid drying at �`u8 Ma was caused primarily by the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau. In contrast, global cooling, overwhelming the influence of Tibetan Plateau uplift, has become the primary control on Central Asia aridification since �`u3.5 Ma.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Wan_etal2017,

title = {Enhanced silicate weathering of tropical shelf sediments exposed during glacial lowstands: A sink for atmospheric CO 2},

author = {S. Wan and P. D. Clift and D. Zhao and N. Hovius and G. Munhoven and C. France-Lanord and Y. Wang and Z. Xiong and J. Huang and Z. Yu and J. Zhang and W. Ma and G. Zhang and A. Li and T. Li},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.010},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {200},

pages = {123--144},

abstract = {Atmospheric CO2 and global climate are closely coupled. Since 800 ka CO2 concentrations have been up to 50% higher during interglacial compared to glacial periods. Because of its dependence on temperature, humidity, and erosion rates, chemical weathering of exposed silicate minerals was suggested to have dampened these cyclic variations of atmospheric composition. Cooler and drier conditions and lower non-glacial erosion rates suppressed in situ chemical weathering rates during glacial periods. However, using systematic variations in major element geochemistry, Sr--Nd isotopes and clay mineral records from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1143 and 1144 in the South China Sea spanning the last 1.1 Ma, we show that sediment deposited during glacial periods was more weathered than sediment delivered during interglacials. We attribute this to subaerial exposure and weathering of unconsolidated shelf sediments during glacial sealevel lowstands. Our estimates suggest that enhanced silicate weathering of tropical shelf sediments exposed during glacial lowstands can account for �`u9% of the carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere during the glacial and thus represent a significant part of the observed glacial--interglacial variation of �`u80 ppmv. As a result, if similar magnitudes can be identified in other tropical shelf-slope systems, the effects of increased sediment exposure and subsequent silicate weathering during lowstands could have potentially enhanced the drawdown of atmospheric CO2 during cold stages of the Quaternary. This in turn would have caused an intensification of glacial cycles.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bosia_etal2016,

title = {U--Th--Ra variations in Himalayan river sediments (Gandak river, India): Weathering fractionation and/or grain-size sorting?},

author = {C. Bosia and F. Chabaux and E. Pelt and C. France-Lanord and G. Morin and J. Lav\'{e} and P. Stille},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.026},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {193},

pages = {176--196},

abstract = {Understanding the origin of U--Th--Ra variations in the Ganga river sediments is a prerequisite for correctly using U-series nuclides to constrain the sediment transport times in Himalayan rivers. For this purpose, U, Th, and Ra concentrations, along with 238U--234U--230Th--226Ra radioactive disequilibria, were analyzed in bank, bedload and suspended sediments from the Gandak river, one of the main tributaries of the Ganga river. The data confirm that U and Th budgets of the Himalayan sediments are significantly influenced by minor resistant minerals, such as zircon, garnet and Ti-bearing minerals, the dissolution of which required the use of a high-pressure acid digestion process. Most importantly, the results indicate that the variations in (238U/232Th) and (230Th/232Th) activity ratios and 238U--234U--230Th--226Ra disequilibria in sediments along the river alluvial plain mainly reflect modifications in the mineralogical and grain-size compositions rather than the degree of weathering during transport. The (238U/232Th) and (230Th/232Th) activity ratios in the bank and bed sediments are related to variations in the minor primary minerals strongly enriched in U and Th (i.e., zircon, REE-bearing minerals and Ti-bearing minerals), whereas the activity ratios in the suspended load are related to variations in the proportions of clay, Fe-oxyhydroxides and the silt-sand fraction, which contains U- and Th-bearing minor minerals. The data also indicate that 238U--234U--230Th--226Ra disequilibria are strongly influenced by secondary mineral phases : the 230Th budget is likely mainly controlled by Fe-oxyhydroxides, and the 226Ra budget is likely mainly controlled by clay minerals. Therefore, the variations in the 238U--234U--230Th--232Th system in the sediments of the Gandak river cannot simply be interpreted as the result of fractionation due to chemical transformation of the bulk sediment during its transport within the alluvial plain and/or the result of radioactive decay. Consequently, they cannot be used to infer long sediment transport times within the Gandak plain (10--100 ka), as previously proposed. Such analytical and interpretative artifacts are certainly not specific to the present study on the Gandak basin. These issues will certainly be encountered anytime this technique is applied to alluvial systems in which the U and Th budgets of the sediments are influenced by textquotelefttextquoteleftheavytextquoterighttextquoteright minerals that can be sorted during the transport of sediments within the plain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Licht_etal2016,

title = {Cenozoic evolution of the central Myanmar drainage system: insights from sediment provenance in the Minbu Sub-Basin},

author = {A. Licht and L. Reisberg and C. France-Lanord and Aung Naing Soe and J. J. Jaeger},

doi = {10.1111/bre.121082108},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Basin Research},

volume = {28},

pages = {237--251},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lupker_etal2016,

title = {Impact of sediment--seawater cation exchange on Himalayan chemical weathering fluxes},

author = {M. Lupker and C. France-Lanord and B. Lartiges},

doi = {10.5194/esurf-4-675-2016},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Earth Surface Dynamics},

volume = {4},

pages = {675--684},

abstract = {Continental-scale chemical weathering budgets are commonly assessed based on the flux of dissolved elements carried by large rivers to the oceans. However, the interaction between sediments and seawater in estuaries can lead to additional cation exchange fluxes that have been very poorly constrained so far. We constrained the magnitude of cation exchange fluxes from the Ganga--Brahmaputra river system based on cation exchange capacity (CEC) measurements of riverine sediments. CEC values of sediments are variable throughout the river water column as a result of hydrological sorting of minerals with depth that control grain sizes and surface area. The average CEC of the integrated sediment load of the Ganga--Brahmaputra is estimated ca. 6.5 meq 100 g-1. The cationic charge of sediments in the river is dominated by bivalent ions Ca2C (76 %) and Mg2C (16 %) followed by monovalent KC (6 %) and NaC (2 %), and the relative proportion of these ions is constant among all samples and both rivers. Assuming a total exchange of exchangeable Ca2C for marine NaC yields a maximal additional Ca2C flux of 28x109 mol yr-1 of calcium to the ocean, which represents an increase of ca. 6% of the actual river dissolved Ca2C flux. In the more likely event that only a fraction of the adsorbed riverine Ca2C is exchanged, not only for marine NaC but also Mg2C and KC, estuarine cation exchange for the Ganga--Brahmaputra is responsible for an additional Ca2C flux of 23x109 mol yr-1, while ca. 27x109 mol yr-1 of NaC, 8x109 mol yr-1 of Mg2C and 4x109 mol yr-1 of KC are re-absorbed in the estuaries. This represents an additional riverine Ca2C flux to the ocean of 5% compared to the measured dissolved flux. About 15% of the dissolved NaC flux, 8% of the dissolved KC flux and 4% of the Mg2C are reabsorbed by the sediments in the estuaries. The impact of estuarine sediment--seawater cation exchange appears to be limited when evaluated in the context of the long-term carbon cycle and its main effect is the sequestration of a significant fraction of the riverine Na flux to the oceans. The limited exchange fluxes of the Ganga--Brahmaputra relate to the lower than average CEC of its sediment load that do not counterbalance the high sediment flux to the oceans. This can be attributed to the nature of Himalayan river sediment such as low proportion of clays and organic matter.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rey_etal2016,

title = {Global climate perturbations during the Permo-Triassic mass extinctions recorded by continental tetrapods from South Africa},

author = {K. Rey and R. Amiot and F. Fourel and T. Rigaudier and F. Abdala and M. O. Day and V. Fernandez and F. Fluteau and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.gr.2015.09.008},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

urldate = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Gondwana Research},

volume = {37},

pages = {384--396},

abstract = {Several studies of the marine sedimentary record have documented the evolution of global climate during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. By contrast, the continental records have been less exploited due to the scarcity of continuous sections from the latest Permian into the Early Triassic. The South African Karoo Basin exposes one of the most continuous geological successions of this time interval, thus offering the possibility to reconstruct climate variations in southern Laurasia from the Middle Permian to Middle Triassic interval. Both air temperature and humidity variations were estimated using stable oxygen ($delta$18Op) and carbon ($delta$13Cc) isotope compositions of vertebrate apatite. Significant fluctuations in both $delta$18Op and $delta$13Cc values mimic those of marine records and suggest that stable isotope compositions recorded in vertebrate apatite reflect global climate evolution. In terms of air temperature, oxygen isotopes show an abrupt increase of about + 8 textdegreeC toward the end of the Wuchiapingian. This occurred during a slight cooling trend from the Capitanian to the Permo-Triassic boundary (PTB). At the end of the Permian, an intense and fast warming of + 16 textdegreeC occurred and kept increasing during the Olenekian. These thermal fluctuations may be related to the Emeishan (South China) and Siberian volcanic paroxysms that took place at the end of the Capitanian and at the end of the Permian, respectively. Vertebrate apatite $delta$13Cc partly reflects the important fluctuations of the atmospheric $delta$13C values, the differences with marine curves being likely due to the evolution of local humidity. Both the oxygen and carbon isotope compositions indicate that the PTB was followed by a warm and arid phase that lasted 6 Ma before temperatures decreased, during the Late Anisian, toward that of the end-Permian. Environmental fluctuations occurring around the PTB that affected both continental and marine realms with similar magnitude likely originated from volcanism and methane release.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brnot_etal2015,

title = {Insights into stable isotope characterization to monitor the signification of soil water sampling for environmental studies dealing with soil water dynamics through the unsaturated zone},

author = {A. Br\'{e}not and M. Beno^it and J. Carignan and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2015.05.001},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Comptes Rendus. G\'{e}oscience},

abstract = {Porous cup samplers and drainage samplers are two of the broadly used techniques tomonitor soil water for agronomical studies. This study provides further insight into the sample signification of these two sampling techniques. For that purpose, temporal variations of soil water dD and d18O values collected by these two techniques have been monitored for an experimental field studied by INRA. The stable isotope data acquired provide further evidence that soil water samples collected by these two techniques are not equivalent and correspond to different water dynamics in soils: 1) quick infiltration along preferential flow paths for drainage (short residence time) and 2) water with longer residence time for porous cups. This implies that stable isotopic tools could be useful to provide additional information to textquotelefttextquoteleftclassicaltextquoterighttextquoteright monitoring of soil water. This could be of particular interest to estimate the residence time of soil water and could berelevant to follow the effectiveness of agricultural pressure reduction programs onnatural water ecosystems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Copeland_etal2015,

title = {40Ar/39Ar ages of muscovites from modern Himalayan rivers: Himalayan evolution and the relative contribution of tectonics and climate},

author = {P. Copeland and G. Bertrand and C. France-Lanord and K. Sundel},

doi = {10.1130/GES01154.1},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Geosphere},

volume = {11},

number = {6},

abstract = {40Ar/39Ar ages from detrital muscovites have been analyzed from six modern rivers in central and western Nepal ; the size of the drainage basins associated with these samples ranges from a few square kilometers to \>40,000 km2. These data, when combined with previously published ages of detrital muscovites from other modern rivers in the region, suggest that a good correspondence between normalized age and normalized topography (the comparison of t* and z*) is rare, due to either nonuniform rates of passage through the 400 textdegreeC isotherm or subsequent faulting in the drainage area. The closure temperature of Ar in muscovite is perhaps too high to make meaningful comparisons to modern topography in tectonic analysis of active orogens. The distribution of 40Ar/39Ar ages from detrital muscovites from the Karnali basin in western Nepal is much older than that for the Narayani basin in central Nepal. The Karnali muscovites, when combined with previously published muscovites from the Siwalik Group in western Nepal and zircon fission track ages from modern and ancient samples from the region, suggest a thermal history for western Nepal consistent with vigorous tectonics (and attendant erosion) before the middle Miocene but a significant diminution in the rate of erosion since ca. 10 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar ages of detrital muscovites from the Narayani basin in central Nepal suggest a markedly different history with an acceleration of the rate of erosion since ca. 10 Ma and reactivation of major faults ; this is consistent with the abundant bedrock data from the Narayani basin. The strong difference in the erosional history of the adjacent Karnali and Narayani basins, as evidenced by the 40Ar/39Ar ages from detrital muscovites, is not likely to have been due to variations in climate, but rather due to strain partitioning within the Himalaya during and after the Miocen},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{France-Lanord_etal2015,

title = {Bengal Fan : Neogene and late Paleogene record of Himalayan orogeny and climate: a transect across the Middle Bengal Fan},

author = {C. France-Lanord and V. Spiess and A. Klaus and Expedition 354 Scientits},

doi = {10.14379/iodp.pr.354.2015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 354 Preliminary Report},

abstract = {International Ocean Discovery Expedition 354 to 8textdegreeN in the Bay of Bengal drilled a seven site, 320 km long transect across the Bengal Fan. Three deep-penetration and an additional four shallow holes give a spatial overview of the primarily turbiditic depositional system that comprises the Bengal deep-sea fan. Sediments originate from Himalayan rivers, documenting terrestrial changes of Himalayanerosion and weathering, and are transported through a delta and shelf canyon, supplying turbidity currents loaded with a full spectrum of grain sizes. Mostly following transport channels, sediments deposit on and between levees while depocenters laterally shift over hundreds of kilometers on millennial timescales. During Expedition 354, these deposits were documented in space and time,and the recovered sediments have Himalayan mineralogical and geochemical signatures relevant for reconstructing time series of erosion, weathering, and changes in source regions, as well as impacts on the global carbon cycle. Miocene shifts in terrestrial vegetation, sediment budget, and style of sediment transport were tracked. Expedition 354 has extended the record of early fan depositionby 10 My into the late Oligocene.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Guillot_etal2015,

title = {Origin of arsenic in Late Pleistocene to Holocene sediments in the Nawalparasi district (Terai, Nepal)},

author = {S. Guillot and M. Gar\c{c}on and B. Weinman and A. P. Gajurel and D. Tisserand and C. France-Lanord and A. Geen and S. Chakraborty and P. Huyghe and B. N. Upreti and L. Charlet},

doi = {10.1007/s12665-015-4277-y},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},

volume = {74},

pages = {2571--2593},

abstract = {A sedimentological and geochemical study was carried out to explore the origin of arsenic contamination in sediments in Nawalparasi district, in the western Terai ofNepal. The investigation tools include major, trace and rare earth element analyses of core sediments, as well as 14C datings, and O, C isotopic analyses on mollusk shells. The results show that black schists from the Lesser Himalaya highly contributed to the detrital input in Parasi during the Pleistocene--Holocene transition because of focused erosion related to rapid uplift and high rainfall along the Main Central Thrust zone. In addition, aquifer silts, sands, and most of the brown clays underwent a certain degree of chemical weathering and physical reworking, and show possible inputs from the Siwaliks during the Late Holocene.A possible correlation between late Quaternary climate regimes and the concentration of arsenic in sediments is suspected, with arsenic preferentially concentrated during the drier periods of the last 25 kyr BP. The process ofarsenic eluviations in sandy and silty sediments can explain the lower arsenic concentrations in sediments during humid periods. During the drier periods, seasonal precipitation was smaller and temperature was lower, leading to wet(less evaporative) soils in swampy environments. This environment favoured the development of aquatic plants and bacteria growing within in the moist land areas, enhancing the strong weathering of initially suspended load particles (micas and clays), which were preferentially deposited in quiet hydraulic environments. These sorting and weathering processes presumably allowed the arsenic to be concentrated in the finest sediment fraction.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bouchez_etal2014,

title = {Source, transport and fluxes of Amazon River particulate organic carbon: Insights from river sediment depth-profiles},

author = {J. Bouchez and V. Galy and R. D. Hilton and J. Gaillardet and P. Moreira-Turcq and M. A. P\'{e}rez and C. France-Lanord and L. Maurice},

doi = {0.1016/j.gca.2014.02.032},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {133},

pages = {280--298},

abstract = {In order to reveal particulate organic carbon (POC) source and mode of transport in the largest river basin on Earth, we sampled the main sediment-laden tributaries of the Amazon system (Solimoes, Madeira and Amazon) during two samplingcampaigns, following vertical depth-profiles. This sampling technique takes advantage of hydrodynamic sorting to access the full range of solid erosion products transported by the river. Using the Al/Si ratio of the river sediments as a proxy for grain size, we find a general increase in POC content with Al/Si, as sediments become finer. However, the sample set shows marked variability in the POC content for a given Al/Si ratio, with the Madeira River having lower POC content across the measured range in Al/Si. The POC content is not strongly related to the specific surface area (SSA) of the suspended load, and bedsediments have a much lower POC/SSA ratio. These data suggest that SSA exerts a significant, yet partial, control on POC transport in Amazon River suspended sediment. We suggest that the role of clay mineralogy, discrete POC particlesand rock-derived POC warrant further attention in order to fully understand POC transport in large rivers. To examine the source of POC in the Amazon Basin in more detail, we use radiocarbon (14C) content and the stable isotope composition (d13C) of POC.14C activity demonstrates that rock-derived POC is a significant component of river bed sediments and contributes to POC across the river depth-profiles of suspended sediments. We estimate that the flux of rock-derived POC may reach ≈10% of the total POC export by the Amazon River. After correcting for rock-derived POC input, we find that POC from the terrestrial biosphere (biospheric POC) is mostly sourced from C3-plants. Higher biospheric POC d 13 C values in the Madeira River (by ≈ 0.5--1 \&) are best explained by a small (\<5%) contribution of C4-grasses from Bolivian savannas. Finally, we use 14 C to estimate the mean age of biospheric POC exported from the Amazon Basin. Thedata show that biospheric POC is younger in the Solimoes River (1120 years) than in the Madeira River (2850 years). These ages are much younger than the corresponding estimates of sediment residence time in the basin, suggesting that lowland areas and/or young POC from above-ground biomass may contribute disproportionately to the biomarker signals in terrigenous sediments of the Amazon delta},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Davenport_etal2014,

title = {Tracing silicate weathering in the Himalaya using the 40K-40Ca system: A reconnaissance study},

author = {J. Davenport and G. Caro and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.proeps.2014.08.030},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Procedia Earth and Planetary Science},

volume = {10},

pages = {238--242},

abstract = {Himalayan erosional system. To this end, we present high precision 40Ca data on river sediments, dissolved river loads and whole-rock carbonates representative of the main tectonic units of the Himalayas. Our results show that metamorphoseddolomites from the Lesser Himalaya (LH) exhibit no radiogenic 40Ca excess despite highly variable 87Sr/86Sr signatures (0.73-0.85). In contrast, silicate material is radiogenic, with $epsilon$40Ca ranging between +1 in the TSS to +4 $epsilon$-units in the LH. Preliminary results obtained from a series of 27 Himalayan rivers show that $epsilon$40Ca in the dissolved load is significantly influenced by silicate lithologies, with $epsilon$40Ca ranging from +0.1 to +1.6 $epsilon$-units. Our results suggest that the 40Ca signature of Himalayan rivers primarily reflects the lithological nature of their erosional source, and highlights the potential of the 40K-40Ca decay scheme as atracer of silicate weathering.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Dellinger_etal2014,

title = {Lithium isotopes in large rivers reveal the cannibalistic nature of modern continental weathering and erosion},

author = {M. Dellinger and J. Gaillardet and J. Bouchez and D. Calmels and V. Galy and R. G. Hilton and P. Louvat and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.061},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {401},

pages = {359--372},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garon_etal2014,

title = {Which minerals control the Nd -- Hf -- Sr -- Pb isotopic compositions of river sediments?},

author = {M. Gar\c{c}on and C. Chauvel and C. France-Lanord and M. Limonta and E. Garzanti},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.11.018},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {364},

pages = {42--55},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Girault_etal2014,

title = {Large-scale organization of carbon dioxide discharge in the Nepal Himalayas},

author = {F. Girault and L. Bollinger and M. Bhattarai and B. P. Koirala and C. France-Lanord and S. Rajaure and J. Gaillardet and M. Fort and S. N. Sapkota and F. Perrier},

doi = {10.1002/2014GL060873},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},

abstract = {Gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) and radon-222 release from the ground was investigated along the Main Central Thrust zone in the Nepal Himalayas. From 2200 CO2 and 900 radon-222 flux measurements near 13 hot springs from western to central Nepal, we obtained total CO2 and radon discharges varying from 10−3 to 1.6thinspacemolthinspaces−1 and 20 to 1600thinspaceBqthinspaces−1, respectively. We observed a coherent organization at spatial scales of ≈thinspace10thinspacekm in a given region: low CO2 and radon discharges around Pokhara (midwestern Nepal) and in the Bhote Kosi Valley (east Nepal); low CO2 but large radon discharges in Lower Dolpo (west Nepal); and large CO2 and radon discharges in the upper Trisuli Valley (central Nepal). A 110 km long CO2-producing segment, with high carbon isotopic ratios, suggesting metamorphic decarbonation, is thus evidenced from 84.5textdegreeE to 85.5textdegreeE. This spatial organization could be controlled by geological heterogeneity or large Himalayan earthquakes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Girault_etal2014_2,

title = {The Syabru-Bensi hydrothermal system in central Nepal: 1. Characterization of carbon dioxide and radon fluxes},

author = {F. Girault and F. Perrier and R. Crockett and M. Bhattarai and B. P. Koirala and C. France-Lanord and P. Agrinier and M. Ader and F. Fluteau and C. Gr\'{e}au and M. Moreira},

doi = {10.1002/ 2013JB010301.},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research ?\u{I} Solid Earth},

volume = {119},

number = {5},

pages = {4017--4055},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Licht_etal2014,

title = {Cenozoic evolution of the central Myanmar drainage system: insights from sediment provenance in the Minbu Sub-Basin},

author = {A. Licht and L. Reisberg and C. France-Lanord and A. N. Soe and J. J. Jaeger},

doi = {10.1111/bre.12108},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Basin Research},

pages = {1--15},

abstract = {Located at the southern edge of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, the Central Myanmar Basin (CMB) is divided into several Tertiary sub-basins that have been almost continuously filled since the Indo-Asia collision. They are currently drained by the Irrawaddy River, which flows down the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sino-Burman Ranges. Tracing sediment provenance from the CMB is thuscritical for reconstructing the past denudation of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen; it is especially relevant since a popular drainage scenario involves the capture of the Tsangpo drainage system in Tibet by a precursor to the Irrawaddy River. Here, we document the provenance of sediment samples from the Minbu Sub-Basin at the southern edge of the CMB, which is traversed by the modern stream ofthe Irrawaddy River. Samples ranging in age from middle Eocene to Pleistocene were investigated using Nd isotopes, trace element geochemistry and sandstone modal compositions. Our data provide no evidence of a dramatic provenance shift; however, sandstone petrography, trace element ratios and isotopic values display long-term trends indicating a gradual decrease of the volcanic input andits replacement by a dominant supply from the Burmese basement. These trends are interpreted to reflect the progressive denudation of the Andean-type volcanic arc that extended onto the Burmese margin, along the flank of the modern Sino-Burman Ranges, where most of the post-collisional deformation of central Myanmar is located. Though our results do not exclude an ephemeral or diluted contribution from a past Tsangpo-Irrawaddy connection, sedimentation rates suggest thatthis hypothesis is unlikely before the development of a stable Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River in the Miocene. These results thus suggest that the central Myanmar drainage basin has remained restricted to the Sino-Burman Ranges since the beginning of the India-Asia collision.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Licht_etal2014_2,

title = {Asian monsoons in a late Eocene greenhouse world},

author = {A. Licht and M. Cappelle and H. A. Abels and J. B. Ladant and J. Trabucho-Alexandre and C. France-Lanord and Y. Donnadieu and J. Vanderberghe and T. Rigaudier and C. L\'{e}cuyer and D. Terry Jr and R. Adriaens and A. Boura and Z. Guo and Aung Naing Soe and J. Quade and G. Dupont-Nivet and J. J. Jaeger},

doi = {10.1038/nature13704},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Nature},

volume = {513},

pages = {501--506},

abstract = {The strong present-day Asian monsoons are thought to have originated between 25 and 22 million years (Myr) ago, driven by Tibetan--Himalayan uplift. However, the existence of older Asian monsoons and their response to enhanced greenhouse conditions such as those in theEocene period (55--34Myrago) are unknownbecause of the paucity of well-dated records. Here we show late Eocene climate records revealing marked monsoon-like patterns in rainfall and wind south and north of the Tibetan--Himalayan orogen. This is indicated by low oxygen isotope values with strong seasonality in gastropod shells and mammal teeth from Myanmar, and by aeolian dust deposition in northwest China. Our climate simulations support modern-like Eocene monsoonal rainfall and show that a reinforced hydrological cycle responding to enhancedgreenhouse conditions counterbalanced the negative effect of lowerTibetanrelief onprecipitation. These strong monsoons later weakened with the global shift to icehouse conditions 34Myr ago.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pasquini_etal2014,

title = {Occurrence of eight household micropollutants in urban wastewater and their fate in a wastewater treatment plant. Statistical evaluation},

author = {L. Pasquini and J. F. Munoz and M. N. Pons and J. Yvon and X. Dauchy and X. France and Nang Dinh Le. and C. France-Lanord and T. G\"{o}mer},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.075},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Science of the Total Environment},

volume = {481},

pages = {459--468},

abstract = {The occurrence in urban wastewater of eight micropollutants (erythromycin, ibuprofen, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), ofloxacin, sucralose, triclosan, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)) originatingfrom household activities and their fate in a biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were investigated. Their concentrations were assessed in the liquid and solid phases (sewage particulate matter and wasted activated sludge (WAS)) by liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry. The analysis of sewage from two different urban catchments connected to the WWTP showed a specific use ofofloxacin in the mixed catchment due to the presence of a hospital, and higher concentrations of sucralose in the residential area.The WWTP process removed over 90% of ibuprofen and triclosan from wastewater, while only 25% of ofloxacin was eliminated. Erythromycin, sucralose and PFOA were not removed from wastewater, the influent and effluent concentrations remaining at about 0.7 $mu$g/L, 3 $mu$g/L and 10 ng/L respectively. The behavior of PFOS and4-nonylphenol was singular, as concentrations were higher at theWWTP outlet than at its inlet. This was probably related to the degradation of some of their precursors (such as alkylphenol ethoxylates and polyfluorinated compounds resulting in 4-NP and PFOS, respectively) during biological treatment.4-NP, ofloxacin, triclosan and perfluorinated compounds were found adsorbed on WAS (from 5 ng/kg for PFOA to 1.0 mg/kg for triclosan). The statistical methods (principal component analysis and multiple linear regressions) were applied to examine relationships among the concentrations of micropollutants and macropollutants (COD, ammonium, turbidity) entering and leaving the WWTP. A strong relationship with ammonium indicated that some micropollutants enter wastewater via human urine. A statistical analysis of WWTP operation gave a model for estimating micropollutant output from the WWTP based on a measurement of macropollution parameters.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Puchol_etal2014,

title = {Grain-size dependent concentration of cosmogenic 10 Be and erosion dynamics in a landslide-dominated Himalayan watershed},

author = {N. Puchol and J. Lav\'{e} and M. Lupker and P. H. Blard and F. Gallo and C. France-Lanord and ASTER Team.},

doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.019},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Geomorphology},

volume = {224},

pages = {55--68},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garon_etal2013,

title = {Continental sedimentary processes decouple Nd and Hf isotopes},

author = {M. Gar\c{c}on and C. Chauvel and C. France-Lanord and P. Huyghe and J. Lav\'{e}},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.027},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {121},

pages = {177--195},

abstract = {The neodymium and hafnium isotopic compositions of most crustal and mantle rocks correlate to form the textquotelefttextquoteleftTerrestrial Arraytextquoterighttextquoteright. However, it is now well established that whereas coarse detrital sediments follow this trend, fine-grained oceanic sediments have high Hf ratios relative to their Nd isotopic ratios. It remains uncertain whether this textquotelefttextquoteleftdecouplingtextquoterighttextquoteright of the two isotopic systems only occurs in the oceanic environment or if it is induced by sedimentary processes in continental settings. In this study, the hafnium and neodymium isotopic compositions of sediments in large rivers is expressly used to constrain the behaviorof the two isotopic systems during erosion and sediment transport from continent to ocean. We report major and trace element concentrations together with Nd and Hf isotopic compositions of bedloads, suspended loads and river banks from the Ganges River and its tributaries draining the Himalayan Range i.e. the Karnali, the Narayani, the Kosi and the Marsyandi Rivers. The sample set includes sediments sampled within the Himalayan Range in Nepal, at the Himalayan mountain front, and also downstream on the floodplain and at the outflow of the Ganges in Bangladesh. Results show that hydrodynamic sorting of minerals explains the entire Hf isotopic range, i.e. more than 10eHf units, observed in the river sediments but does not affect the Nd isotopic composition. Bedloads and bank sediments have systematically lower eHf values than suspended loads sampled at the same location. Coarse-grained sediments lie below or on the Terrestrial Array in an eHf vs. eNd diagram. In contrast, fine-grained sediments, including most of the suspended loads, deviate from the Terrestrial Array toward higher eHf relative to their eNd, as is the case for oceanic terrigenous clays. The observed Nd--Hf decoupling is explained by mineralogical sorting processes that enrich bottom sediments in coarse and dense minerals, including unradiogenic zircons, while surface sediments are enriched in fine material with radiogenic Hf signatures. The data also show that Nd--Hf isotopic decoupling increases with sediment transport in the floodplain to reach its maximum at the river mouth. This implies that the Nd--Hf isotopic decoupling observed in worldwide oceanic clays and river sediments is likely to have the same origin. Finally, we estimated the Nd--Hf isotopic composition of the present-day mantle if oceanic sediments had never been subducted and conclude that the addition of oceanic sediments with their anomalous Nd--Hf isotopic compositions has slowly shifted the composition of the Earthtextquoterights mantle towards more radiogenic Hf values through time},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garon_etal2013_2,

title = {Which minerals control the Nd--Hf--Sr--Pb isotopic compositions of river sediments?},

author = {M. Gar\c{c}on and C. Chauvel and C. France-Lanord and M. Limonta and E. Garzanti},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.11.018},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {364},

pages = {42--55},

abstract = {River sediments naturally sample and average large areas of eroded continental crust. They are ideal targets not only for provenance studies based on isotopic compositions, but also can be used to establish average continental crust isotopic values. In large fluvial systems, however,mineral sorting processes significantly modify themineralogy, and thus the geochemistry of the transported sediments.We still do not know, in any quantitative way, to what extent mineral sorting affects and fractionates the isotopic compositions of river sediments. Here, we focuson this issue and try to decipher the role of each mineral species in the bulk isotopic compositions of bedloads and suspended loads sampled at the outflow of the Ganga River that drains the Himalayan mountain range.We analyzed Nd, Hf, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions aswell as trace element contents of a large number of pure mineral fractions (K-feldspar, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, magnetite, zircon, titanite, apatite, monazite/allanite, amphibole, epidote, garnet, carbonate and clay) separated from bedload and bank sediments. We combine these datawithmineral proportions typical of the Ganga sediments to performMonte Carlo simulations that quantify the contributions of individual mineral species to the Nd, Hf, Sr, and Pb isotopic budgets of bedloads and suspended loads.The isotopic systematics of river sediments are buffered by very few minerals. Despite their extremely low proportions in sediments, zircon and monazite/allanite control Hf and Nd isotopes, respectively. Feldspars, epidote, and carbonate buffer the Sr isotopic budget while clay, feldspars, and heavyminerals dominate Pb isotopes. Hafnium,Sr, and Pb isotopic differences between bedloads and suspended loads arewell explained by their different mineral compositions. This confirms that Hf, Sr and Pb isotopic compositions of sediments are strongly biased bymineral sorting processes during fluvial transport; hence they do not always constitute good proxies for provenance studies. In addition, we anticipate that fractionation of the isotopic systems continues at the river/ocean interfaceto deliver sediments to the deep ocean that are not necessarily similar to their crustal precursors, creating a systematic bias between the compositions of crustal sources and oceanic sediments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Licht_etal2013,

title = {Role of permeability barriers in alluvial hydromorphic palaeosols: The Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar},

author = {A. Licht and I. Cojan and L. Caner and A. N. Soe and J. J. Jaeger and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1111/sed.12059},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Sedimentology},

abstract = {This study examines the lateral distribution of hydromorphy in the finegrainedalluvial deposits of the Eocene Pondaung Formation, central Myanmar. Through detailed outcrop analysis and using a combined sedimentological and pedological approach, this study proposes a reconstruction of Pondaung overbank floodplain palaeoenvironments. The variations of hydromorphic features in the different overbank sub-environments are then discussed and used to build a model of hydromorphic variability in alluvial deposits. Two main architectural associations with distinctive lithofacies and pedogenic features were identified, corresponding to different sub-environments:heterolithic deposits and extensive mudstone successions. The heterolithic deposits display variegated fine-grained lithofacies and contain poorly developed palaeosols with gley and vertic features, which are interpreted to reflect a seasonal wetlands landscape, developed in actively aggrading avulsion belts. Extensive mudstone successions with Vertisols that locally exhibit mukkara-style pseudogley features are interpreted to represent a distal open-forested environment. The palaeosols of both sub-environments displaydense local hydromorphic variations they are also characterized by a gradual shift from gley-dominated to pseudogley-dominated features with increasing distance from the avulsion belt. The clay-dominated lithology of the floodplain parent material, which forms numerous subsurface permeability barriers, is shown to have acted as a fundamental control in limiting water-table dynamics in coarse-grained parts of the succession, thereby favouring hydromorphic variability. Palaeosol sequences of the Pondaung Formation contrast with the soil-landscape associations described in other studies and provide an alternative model with which to account for thehydromorphic variability in poorly drained, alluvial soils. The model proposedas an outcome of this study demonstrates that hydromorphic variationscan be dramatic in floodplains where permeability barriers are numerous. Further, the model stresses the importance of undertaking detailed lateral palaeosol analyses prior to making interpretations regarding hydromorphic variability.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Licht_etal2013_2,

title = {A palaeo Tibet--Myanmar connection? Reconstructing the Late Eocene drainage system of central Myanmar using a multi-proxy approach},

author = {A. Licht and C. France-Lanord and L. Reisberg and C. Fontaine and A. N. Soe and J. J. Jaeger},

doi = {10.1144/jgs2012-126},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geological Society, London},

volume = {170},

number = {6},

pages = {929--939},

abstract = {Strain resulting from the collision of India with Asia has caused fundamental changes to Asian drainage patterns, but the timing and nature of these changes are poorly understood. One frequently proposed hypothesis involves the connection of the palaeo Tsangpo drainage to a precursor to the Irrawaddy River of central Myanmar in the Palaeogene. To test this hypothesis, we studied the provenance of Palaeogene fluvioclastic sedimentary rocks that crop out in central Myanmar, namely the Late Middle Eocene--Early Oligocene Pondaung and Yaw Formations. Isotopic on bulk-rock and petrographic data indicate a primary magmatic arc source, and a secondary source composed of recycled, metamorphosed basement material. Although the exact location of both sources is hardly distinguishable because Burmese and Tibetan provinces share common lithological features, the presence of low-grade metamorphic fragments, the heterogeneity in Sr--Nd isotopic values of bulk sediments and westward-directed palaeoflow orientations indicate a proximal source area located on the eastern Asian margin. Central Myanmar was the locus of westward-prograding deltas opening into the Indian Ocean, supplied by the unroofing of an Andean-type cordillera that extended along the Burmese margin. We found no evidence to support a palaeo Tsangpo--Irrawaddy River, at least during the Late Eocene.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lupker_etal2013,

title = {Increasing chemical weathering in the Himalayan system since the Last Glacial Maximum},

author = {M. Lupker and C. France-Lanord and V. Galy and J. Lav\'{e} and H. Kudrass},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.01.038},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {365},

pages = {243--252},

abstract = {Continental chemical weathering is central in Earthtextquoterights surface biogeochemical cycles as it redistributes elements across reservoirs such as the crust and the oceans.However the evolution of weathering through time and its response to external forcing such as changes in climate remain poorlyconstrained.In this work, a composite sediment record from the Bay of Bengal isused to document the evolution of chemical weathering in the Himalayan system(Himalayan range and Indo-Gangeticfloodplain),the world largest sediment convey or to the oceans,since the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM).The degree of weathering of the sediments isdocumented using mobile to immobile ratios such as K/SiandH2Oþ/Si as well as detrital calcite abundance. Robust weathering proxies are derived by correcting the chemical composition of sediment for sorting effects that occur during transport and deposition.The Bay of Bengal record is also further compared to the chemical composition of modern river sediments from the Ganga and Brahmaputra basin.Weathering proxies all indicate that the sediments exported by the Ganga and Brahmaputra Rivers became increasing lyweathered over the past 21 kyr,whereas,Sr,Nd and major elements suggest a constant sediment provenance in thesystem over the last 21kyr.These changes in the degree of weather in gof the sediments show that the weathering flux exported by the system to the Indian Ocean during the LGM was significant ly lower than at present and demonstrate that chemical weathering in continental scale basins such as the Ganga andBrahmaputra responds to Late Quaternary climate changes},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Richard_etal2013,

title = {From evaporated seawater to uranium-mineralizing brines:Isotopic and trace element study of quartz--dolomiteveins in the Athabasca system},

author = {A. Richard and P. Boulvais and J. Mercadier and M. C. Boiron and M. Cathelineau and M. Cuney and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.10 16/j.gca.2013.03 .009},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {113},

pages = {38--59},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bouchez_etal2012,

title = {Floodplains of large rivers: Weathering reactors or simple silos?},

author = {J. Bouchez and J. Gaillardet and M. Lupker and P. Louvat and C. France-Lanord and L. Maurice and E. Armijos and J. S. Moquet},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.032},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {332-333},

pages = {166--184},

abstract = {Large river sediments are mostly derived from tectonically active mountain belts, but then undergo a series of sedimentation, temporary storage and reworking episodes on their journey to the ocean. The long transfer time of these sediments through active floodplains might result in a significant chemical maturation via weathering reactions, which is of critical importance for biogeochemical cycles at the Earth surface. This study reports the chemical composition of river sediments from different locations throughout the courses of the main tributaries of the Amazon Basin. Sampling along river depth-profiles yields access to the whole grain size and chemical composition range of river sediment. Here, weathering intensities (i.e. losses of Na, K, Mg and Ca) associated with chemical weathering in floodplains are (1) examined as a function of grain size, and (2) integrated over the whole grain size range, for three selected long river reaches flowing through the foreland and the lowland of the Amazon Basin : the upper Mara~non, the Beni and the lower Madeira rivers. A relatively small Na loss through plagioclase dissolution is observed in the Madeira reach, while an important Ca loss due to carbonate dissolution occurs in the two foreland reaches (Mara~non and Beni). No significant loss of K and Mg is observed in any of the reaches, showing the low alterability of primary K and Mg-bearing minerals and suggesting retention of K and Mg in the particulate phase by secondary minerals. The combination of these findings with previously reported data on the downstream change of dissolved Na, K, Mg and Ca fluxes suggests that chemical weathering of textquotelefttextquoteleftstabletextquoterighttextquoteright alluvial deposits could also significantly contribute to theweathering flux generated in foreland and lowland areas. The comparison between the three Amazon reaches and the Gangetic plain tends to show that the features observed in the Amazon are valid on a global scale. Finally, we show that, although resulting in a relatively small change in the chemical composition of the river sediment, silicate weathering in the lower Madeira floodplain can lead to a CO2 drawdown equivalent to ca. 10% of the total CO2 consumption flux of the whole Madeira basin.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Charreau_etal2012,

title = {A high-resolution stable isotopic record from the Junggar Basin (NW China): Implications for the paleotopographic evolution of the Tianshan Mountains},

author = {J. Charreau and M. L. Kent-Corson and L. Barrier and R. Augier and B. D. Ritts and Y. Chen and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.033},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {341-344},

pages = {158--169},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Girault_etal2012,

title = {Effective radium concentration across the Main Central Thrust in the Nepal Himalayas},

author = {F. Girault and F. Perrier and A. P. Gajurel and M. Bhattarai and B. P. Koirala and L. Bollinger and M. Fort and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.001},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {98},

pages = {203--227},

abstract = {Effective radium concentration (ECRa) of 622 rock samples from 6 different sites in the Nepal Himalayas was measured in the laboratory using radon accumulation experiments. These sites, located from Lower Dolpo in Western Nepal to EasternNepal, are divided into 9 transects which cut across the Main Central Thrust zone (MCT zone) separating low-grade metamorphic Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS) units to the south and higher-grade metamorphic Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) units to the north. This boundary remains difficult to define and is the subject of numerous debates. ECRa values range from 0.03 textpm 0.03 to 251.6 textpm 4.0 Bq kg1, and appear to be representative of the formation and clearly related to the locallithology. For example, for the Upper Trisuli and Langtang Valleys site in Central Nepal, the most studied place with 350 available ECRa values, LHS rocks are characterized by a mean value of 5.3 textpm 1.3 Bq kg1 while GHS rocks of FormationsI and II show significantly lower values with a mean value of 0.69 textpm 0.11 Bq kg1, thus leading to a LHS/GHS ECRa ratio of 7.8 textpm 2.2. This behavior was systematically confirmed by other transects (ratio of 7.9 textpm 2.2 in all other sites), with a threshold ECRa value, separating LHS from GHS, of 0.8 Bq kg1, thus bringing forward a novel method to characterize, within the MCT shear zone, which rocks belong to the GHS and LHS units. In addition, Ulleri augen gneiss, belonging to LHS rocks, occurred in several transects and were characterized by high ECRa values (17.9 textpm 4.3 Bq kg1), easy to distinguish from theGHS gneisses, characterized by low ECRa values at the bottom of the GHS, thus providing a further argument to locate the MCT. The measurement of ECRa data, thus, provides a cost-effective method which can be compared with neodymium isotopic anomalies or estimates of the peak metamorphic temperature. This study, therefore, shows that the measurements of ECRa provides additional information to discriminate different geological formations, and can be particularly useful in areas where geology mapping is not straightforward or still remains controversial.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lupker_etal2012,

title = {10Be-derived Himalayan denudation rates and sediment budgets in the Ganga basin},

author = {M. Lupker and P. H. Blard and J. Lav\'{e} and C. France-Lanord and L. Leanni and N. Puchol and J. Charreau and D. Bourl`es},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.020},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {333-334},

pages = {146--156},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lupker_etal2012_2,

title = {Predominant floodplain over mountain weathering of Himalayan sediments (Ganga basin)},

author = {M. Lupker and C. France-Lanord and V. Galy and J. Lav\'{e} and J. Gaillardet and A. P. Gajurel and C. Guilmette and M. Rahman and S. K. Singh and R. Sinha},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2012.02.001},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {84},

pages = {410--432},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Siebenaller_etal2012,

title = {Fluid record of rock exhumation across the brittle--ductile transition during formation of a Metamorphic Core Complex (Naxos Island, Cyclades, Greece)},

author = {L. Siebenaller and M. C. Boiron and O. Vanderhaeghe and C. Hibsch and M. W. Jessell and A. S. Andr\'{e}-Mayer and C. France-Lanord and A. Photiades},

doi = {10.1111/jmg.12023},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Metamorphic Geology},

pages = {1--25},

abstract = {Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz veins hosted by a leucogneiss from the southern part of the Naxos Metamorphic Core Complex (Attic-Cycladic-Massif, Greece) were studied to determine the evolution of the fluid record of metamorphic rocks during their exhumation across the ductile textfractionsolidus brittle transition.Three sets of quartz veins (V-M2, V-BD \& V-B) are distinguished. The V-M2 and V-BD are totally or, respectively, partially transposed into the foliation of the leucogneiss. They formed by hydrofracturing alternating with ductile deformation accommodated by crystal-plastic deformation. The V-B is discordant to the foliation and formed by fracturing during exhumation without subsequent ductiletransposition. Fluids trapped during crystal--plastic deformation comprise two very distinct fluid types, namely a CO2-rich fluid and a high-salinity brine, that are interpreted to represent immiscible fluids generated from metamorphic reactions and the crystallization of magmas respectively. They were initially trapped at 625 C and 400 MPa and then remobilized during subsequent ductile deformationresulting in various degrees of mixing of the two end-members with later trapping conditions of 350 C and 140 MPa. In contrast, brittle microcracks contain aqueous fluids trapped at 250 C and 80 MPa. All veins display a similar d13C pointing to carbon that was trapped at depth and then preserved in thefluid inclusions throughout the exhumation history. In contrast, the dD signature is marked by a drastic difference between (i) V-M2 and V-BD veins that are dominated by carbonic, aqueous-carbonic and high-salinity fluids of metamorphic and magmatic origin characterized by dD between )56\&and )66\&, and (ii) V-B veins that are dominated by aqueous fluids of meteoric origin characterized by dD between)40\& and )46\&. The retrograde P--T pathway implies that the brittle textfractionsolidus ductile transition separates two structurally, chemically and thermally distinct fluid reservoirs, namely (i) the ductile crust into which fluids originating from crystallizing magmas and fluids in equilibrium with metamorphic rocks circulatethrough a geothermal gradient of 30 C km)1 at lithostatic pressure, and (ii) the brittle upper crust through which meteoric fluids percolate through a high geothermal gradient of 55 C km)1 at hydrostatic pressure.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bouchez_etal2011,

title = {Grain size control of river suspended sediment geochemistry: Clues from Amazon River depth profiles},

author = {J. Bouchez and J. Gaillardet and C. France-Lanord and L. Maurice and P. Dutra-Maia},

doi = {10.1029/2010GC003380},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems G3},

volume = {12},

number = {3},

pages = {Q03008},

abstract = {Residual solid products of erosion display a wide range of size, density, shape, mineralogy, and chemical composition and are hydrodynamically sorted in large river channels during their transport. We characterize the chemical and isotopic variability of river sediments of the Amazon Basin, collected at different waterdepths, as a function of grain size. Absolute chemical concentrations and Sr and Nd isotopic ratios greatly varies along channel depth. The Al/Si ratio, tightly linked to grain size distribution, systematically decreases with depth, mostly reflecting dilution by quartz minerals. A double‐normalization diagram is proposed to correct from dilution effects. Elements define fan‐shaped patterns and can be classified in three different groups with respect to hydrodynamic sorting during transport in the Amazon: (1) textquotelefttextquoteleftpoorly sortedtextquoterighttextquoteright insoluble elements like Al, Fe, Th, and REEs, (2) textquotelefttextquoteleftwell‐sortedtextquoterighttextquoteright insoluble elements like Zr and Ti, mainly carried byheavy minerals, and (3) alkali (Na to Cs) and alkali‐earth elements (Mg to Ba), for which a large variety of patterns is observed, related, for alkali, to their variable affinity for phyllosilicates. Sr isotopes show that the Amazon River at the mouth is stratified, the Madeira‐ and Solim~oes‐derived sediments being preferentially transported near the channel surface and at depth, respectively. The comparison between the Solim~oes and Madeira rivers shows how the interplay between grain sorting, weathering, and crustal composition controls the composition of the suspended river sediments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bouchez_etal2011_2,

title = {How important is it to integrate riverine suspended sediment chemical composition with depth? Clues from Amazon River depth-profiles},

author = {J. Bouchez and M. Lupker and J. Gaillardet and C. France-Lanord and L. Maurice},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.038},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {75},

number = {22},

pages = {6955--6970},

abstract = {AbstractThe vertical variability in mineralogical, chemical and isotopic compositions observed in large river suspended sediments calls for a depth-integration of this variability to accurately determine riverine geochemical fluxes. In this paper, we present a method to determine depth-integrated chemical particulate fluxes of large rivers, based on river sampling along depth-profiles, and applied to the Amazon Basin lowland tributaries. The suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration data from depth-profiles is modeled for a number of individual grain size fractions using the Rouse model, which allows to predict the grain size distribution of suspended sediment throughout the whole river cross-section. Then, using (1) the relationship between grain size distribution and the Al/Si ratio (2) relationships between the Al/Si ratio and the chemical concentrations,the chemical composition of river sediment is predicted throughout the river cross-section, and integrated to yield the depthintegrated chemical particulate flux for a number of chemical elements (e.g. Si, Al, Fe, Na, REEs, . . .). For elements such as Al, Fe, REEs, Th, the depth-integrated flux is around twice as high as the one calculated from river surface sample characteristics.For Na and Si, the depth-integrated flux is three times higher than the textquotelefttextquoteleftsurfacetextquoterighttextquoteright estimate, due to the enrichment of albite and quartz at the bottom of the river. Depth-integrated 87Sr/86Sr composition of suspended sediment, also predictableusing this method, differs by more than 10 3 from the surface sample composition.Finally, potential implications of depth-integrated estimates of Amazon sediment chemistry are explored. Depth-integration of particulate 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios is necessary for a reliable use of Sr isotopes as a provenance tracer. The concept of steady-state weathering of a large river basin is revisited using depth-integrated sediment composition. This analysis shows that, in the Amazon Basin river, the previously observed discrepancy between (1) weathering intensities of channel surface sediment and (2) silicate-derived dissolved fluxes is only slightly accounted for by the vertical variability of suspended sedimentweathering intensities. This observation confirms that most large rivers basins are not eroding at steady-state.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bouchez_etal2011_3,

title = {Prediction of depth-integrated fluxes of suspended sediment in the Amazon River: particle aggregation as a complicating factor},

author = {J. Bouchez and F. M\'{e}tivier and M. Lupker and L. Maurice and M. Perez and J. Gaillardet and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Hydrological Processes},

volume = {25},

number = {5},

pages = {778--794},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal2011,

title = {The provenance of vegetation and environmental signatures encoded in vascular plant biomarkers carried by the Ganges-Brahmaputra rivers},

author = {V. Galy and T. Eglinton and C. France-Lanord and S. Sylva},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {304},

number = {1-2},

pages = {1--12},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garzanti_etal2011,

title = {Mineralogical and chemical variability of fluvial sediments 2. Suspended-load silt (Ganga--Brahmaputra, Bangladesh)},

author = {E. Garzanti and S. Ando and C. France-Lanord and P. Censi and P. Vignola and V. Galy and M. Lupker},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.043},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {302},

pages = {107--120},

abstract = {Sediments carried in suspension represent a fundamental part of fluvial transport. Nonetheless, largely because of technical problems, they have been hitherto widely neglected in provenance studies. In order to determine with maximum possible precision themineralogy of suspended load collected in vertical profiles from water surface to channel bottom of Rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra, we combined Raman spectroscopy with traditional heavymineral and X-ray diffraction analyses, carried out separately on low-density and dense fractions of all significant size classes in each sample (multiple-window approach). Suspended load resulted to be a ternary mixture of dominant silt enriched in phyllosilicates, subordinate clay largely derived from weathered floodplains, and sand mainly produced by physical erosion and mechanical grinding during transport in Himalayan streams. Sediment concentration and grain size increase steadily with water depth. Whereas absolute concentration of clay associated with Fe-oxyhydroxides and organic matter is almost depth-invariant, regular mineralogical and consequently chemical changes fromshallowto deep load result frommarked increase of faster-settling, coarser,denser, or more spherical grains toward the bed. Such steady intersample compositional variability can be modeled as a mixture of clay, silt and sand modes with distinct mineralogical and chemical composition. With classical formulas describing sediment transport by turbulent diffusion, absolute and relative concentrations can be predicted at any depth for each textural mode and each detrital component. Based on assumptions on average chemistry of detritalminerals and empirical formulas to calculate their settling velocities, the suspension-sorting model successfully reproduces mineralogy and chemistry of suspended load at different depths. Principal outputs include assessment of contributions by each detrital mineral to the chemical budget, and calibration of dense minerals too rare to be precisely estimated by optical or Raman analysis but crucial in both detrital-geochronology and settling-equivalence studies. Hydrodynamic conditions duringmonsoonal discharge could also be evaluated. Understanding compositional variability of suspended load is a fundamental pre-requisite to correctly interpretmineralogical and geochemical data in provenance analysis of modern and ancient sedimentary deposits, to accurately assess weathering processes, sediment fluxes and erosion patterns, and to unambiguously evaluate the effects of anthropogenic modifications on the natural environment},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Lupker_etal2011,

title = {A Rouse‐based method to integrate the chemical composition of river sediments: Application to the Ganga basin},

author = {M. Lupker and C. France-Lanord and J. Lav\'{e} and J. Bouchez and V. Galy and F. M\'{e}tivier and J. Gaillardet and B. Lartiges and J. L. Mugnier},

doi = {10.1029/2010JF001947},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},

volume = {116},

number = {F04012},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Paul_etal2011,

title = {Behavior of osmium at the freshwater--saltwater interface based on Ganga derived sediments from the estuarine zone},

author = {M. Paul and L. Reisberg and N. Vigier and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1029/2011GC003831},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems G3},

volume = {12},

number = {12},

pages = {Q12023},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rollion-Bard_etal2011_2,

title = {Biological control of internal pH in scleractinian corals: Implications on paleo-pH and paleo-temperature reconstructions},

author = {C. Rollion-Bard and M. Chaussidon and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2011.05.003},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {Comptes Rendus. G\'{e}oscience},

volume = {343},

pages = {397--405},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bouchez_etal2010,

title = {Oxidation of petrogenic organic carbon in the Amazon floodplain as a source of atmospheric CO2},

author = {J. Bouchez and O. Beyssac and V. Galy and J. Gaillardet and C. France-Lanord and L. Maurice and P. Moreira-Turcq},

doi = {10.1130/G30608.1},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {38},

number = {3},

pages = {255--258},

abstract = {The two long-term sources of atmospheric carbon are CO2 degassing from metamorphic and volcanic activity, and oxidation of organic carbon (OC) contained in sedimentary rocks, or petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro). The latter flux is still poorly constrained. In this study, we report particulate organic carbon content and C-14 activity measurements in Amazon River sediments, which allow for estimates of the OCpetro content of these sediments. A large decrease of OCpetro content in riverine sediments is observed from the outlet of the Andes to the mouth of the large tributaries. This loss reveals oxidation of OCpetro during transfer of sediments in the floodplain, and results in an escape of similar to 0.25 Mt C/yr to the atmosphere, which is on the same order of magnitude as the CO2 consumption by silicate weathering in the same area. Raman microspectroscopy investigations show that graphite is the most stable phase with respect to this oxidation process. These results emphasize the significance of OCpetro oxidation in large river floodplains in the global carbon cycle.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bouchez_etal2010_2,

title = {Turbulent mixing in the Amazon River: The isotopic memory of confluences},

author = {J. Bouchez and E. Lajeunesse and J. Gaillardet and C. France-Lanord and P. Dutra-Maia and L. Maurice},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2009.11.054},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {290},

number = {1-2},

pages = {37--43},

abstract = {Rivers continuously discharge dissolved material to the oceans. Dissolved compounds partially result from water-rock interactions, which produce a large range of water chemical and isotopic compositions. These waters are collected by rivers, that are commonly assumed to be well-mixed with regard to their different tributaries, as a result of turbulent dispersion. In this paper, we test this hypothesis on the Solimoes River (at Manacapuru), the largest tributary of the Amazon River, by analyzing the sodium concentration and strontium isotopic composition of river water on a transverse section at different depths. High-precision measurements reveal lateral heterogeneities. This reflects poor mixing between two main river masses, that have distinct chemical and isotopic signatures, a hundred kilometers downstream from their confluence: the Solimoes mainstream and the Purus River. Using sodium concentration data, the transverse dispersion coefficient is estimated for the studied Solimbes reach (the Earthtextquoterights largest river on which such an estimate now exists), and is found to be 1.8 +/- 0.2 m(2)/s. Comparison with previously reported data highlights the potential role of bed morphology and islands in the efficiency of lateral mixing in large rivers. We finally demonstrate that the characteristic length of lateral mixing downstream from confluences in large rivers is at least of several tens of kilometers. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Cbron_etal2010,

title = {Root exudates modify bacterial diversity of phenanthrene degraders in PAH-polluted soil but not phenanthrene degradation rates},

author = {A. C\'{e}bron and B. Louvel and P. Faure and C. France-Lanord and Y. Chen and J. Colin Murell and C. Leyval},

doi = {10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02376.x},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Environmental Microbiology},

pages = {1--15},

abstract = {SummaryTo determine whether the diversity of phenanthrenedegrading bacteria in an aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soil is affected by the addition of plant root exudates, DNA stable isotope probing (SIP) was used. Microcosms of soil with and without addition of ryegrass exudates and with 13C-labelled phenanthrene (PHE) were monitored over 12 days. PHE degradation was slightly delayed in the presence of added exudate after 4 days of incubation. After 12 days, 68% of added PHE disappeared both with and without exudate. Carbonbalance using isotopic analyses indicated that a part of the 13C-PHE was not totally mineralized as 13CO2 but unidentified 13C-compounds (i.e. 13C-PHE or 13C-labelled metabolites) were trapped into the soil matrix. Temporal thermal gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analyses of 16S rRNA genes were performedon recovered 13C-enriched DNA fractions. 16S rRNA gene banding showed the impact of root exudates on diversity of PHE-degrading bacteria. With PHE as a fresh sole carbon source, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. and Microbacterium sp. were the major PHE degraders, while in the presence of exudates, Pseudomonas sp. and Arthrobacter sp. were favoured. These two different PHE-degrading bacterial populations werealso distinguished through detection of PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHDa) genes by real-time PCR. Root exudates favoured the developmentof a higher diversity of bacteria and increased the abundance of bacteria containing known PAHRHDa genes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Clift_etal2010,

title = {Monsoon control over erosion patterns in the Western Himalaya: possible feed-back into the tectonic evolution},

author = {P. D. Clift and L. Giosan and A. Carter and E. Garzanti and V. Galy and A. R. Tabrez and M. Pringle and I. H. Campbell and C. France-Lanord and J. Blusztajn and C. Allen and A. Alizai and A. L\"{u}ckge and M. Danish and M. M. Rabbani},

doi = {10.1144/SP342.12},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Geological Society, London, Special Publications},

volume = {342},

pages = {185--218},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal2010,

title = {Sr-Nd-Os evidence for a stable erosion regime in the Himalaya during the past 12 Myr},

author = {V. Galy and C. France-Lanord and B. Peucker-Ehrenbrink and P. Huyghe},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.004},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {290},

number = {3-4},

pages = {474--480},

abstract = {Modern erosion of the Himalaya, the worldtextquoterights largest mountain range, transfers huge dissolved and particulate loads to the ocean. It plays an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle, mostly through enhanced organic carbon burial in the Bengal Fan. To understand the role of past Himalayan erosion, the influence of changing climate and tectonic on erosion must be determined. Here we use a 12 Myr sedimentary record from the distal Bengal Fan (Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 218) to reconstruct the Mio-Pliocene history of Himalayan erosion. We use carbon stable isotopes (delta C-13) of bulk organic matter as paleo-environmental proxy and stratigraphic tool. Multi-isotopic ?\u{I} Sr, Nd and Os ?\u{I} data are used as proxies for the source of the sediments deposited in the Bengal Fan over time. delta C-13 values of bulk organic matter shift dramatically towards less depleted values, revealing the widespread Late Miocene (ca. 7.4 Ma) expansion of C4 plants in the basin. Sr, Nd and Os isotopic compositions indicate a rather stable erosion pattern in the Himalaya range during the past 12 Myr. This supports the existence of a strong connection between the southern Tibetan plateau and the Bengal Fan. The tectonic evolution of the Himalaya range and Southern Tibet seems to have been unable to produce large re-organisation of the drainage system. Moreover, our data do not suggest a rapid change of the altitude of the southern Tibetan plateau during the past 12 Myr. Variations in Sr and Nd isotopic compositions around the late Miocene expansion of C4 plants are suggestive of a relative increase in the erosion of High Himalaya Crystalline rock (i.e. a simultaneous reduction of both Transhimalayan batholiths and Lesser Himalaya relative contributions). This could be related to an increase in aridity as Suggested by the ecological and sedimentological changes at that time. A reversed trend in Sr and Nd isotopic compositions is observed at the Plio-Pleistocene transition that is likely related to higher precipitation and the development of glaciers in the Himalaya. These almost synchronous moderate changes in erosion pattern and climate changes during the late Miocene and at the Plio-Pleistocene transition support the notion of a dominant control of climate on Himalayan erosion during this time period. However, stable erosion regime during the Pleistocene is suggestive of a limited influence of the glacier development on Himalayan erosion. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garzanti_etal2010,

title = {Mineralogical and chemical variability of fluvial sediments 1. Bedload sand (Ganga--Brahmaputra, Bangladesh)},

author = {E. Garzanti and S. Ando and C. France-Lanord and G. Vezzoli and P. Censi and V. Galy and Y. Najman},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.017},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {299},

pages = {368--381},

abstract = {This study investigates the natural processes that control concentration of detrital minerals and consequently chemical elements in river sand. The novelty of our approach consists in the systematic integration of detailed textural, petrographical,mineralogical and chemical data, and in the quantitative description and modeling of relationships among mineralogical and chemical variables for each sample and each grain-size class in each sample. Bed sediment in transit in the largest sedimentary system on Earth chiefly consists of fine-grained lithofeldspathoquartzose sand including rich amphibole--epidote--garnet suites, mixed with minor very-finegrained-sand to silt subpopulations containing less heavy minerals and representing intermittent suspension.Mineralogical and particularly chemical differences between Ganga and Brahmaputra bedload are orders of magnitude less than both intersample variability associated with selective-entrainment effects and intrasample variability associated with settling-equivalence effects. Any provenance interpretation of mineralogical, chemical, or detrital-geochronology datasets therefore requires quantitative understanding of hydraulically controlled compositional variability. Mineralogical and chemical, intrasample and intersample variability can be deduced with simple equations and numerical solutions. The underlying assumptions on the chemical composition of detrital minerals, as well as the possible pitfalls, uncertainties and approximations involved are discussed. Principal results include calibration of rare REE-bearing ultradense minerals, illdetermined by optical analyses but crucial in both detrital-geochronology and settling-equivalence studies, and assessment of progressively changing concentration for any detrital component with increasing intensity of selective-entrainment effects. Contributions by each mineral group to the chemical budget were inferred with sufficient precision and accuracy. Although complex because of diverse controlling factors includingprovenance, weathering and anthropogenic pollution, mineralogical and consequently chemical variability of fluvial sediments can be quantitatively predicted. This path, difficult because of insufficient information but far from hopeless, shall eventually lead to more accurate calculation of sediment fluxes and chemical budgets, as well as to a deeper understanding of sedimentary geochemistry and fluvial sedimentology.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Granet_etal2010,

title = {U-series disequilibria in suspended river sediments and implication for sediment transfer time in alluvial plains: The case of the Himalayan rivers},

author = {M. Granet and F. Chabaux and P. Stille and A. Dosseto and C. France-Lanord and E. Blaes},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2010.02.016},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {74},

number = {10},

pages = {2851--2865},

abstract = {U-238-U-234-Th-230 radioactive disequilibria were analyzed in suspended sediments (collected at different depths) from the Ganges River and one of its main tributaries: the Narayani-Gandak River. Results associated with bedload sediment data suggest that uranium-series (U-series) disequilibria in river sediments of the Ganges basin vary with grain size and sampling location. The range of observed U-series disequilibria is explained by a mixing model between a coarse-grained sediment end-member, represented by bedload and bank sediments, and a fine-grained end-member that both originate from Himalaya but undergo different transfer histories within the plain. The coarse-grained sediment end-member transits slowly (i.e. \>several 100textquoterights ky) in the plain whereas the fine-grained sediment end-member is transferred much faster (},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Houhou_etal2010,

title = {Isotopic tracing of clear water sources in an urban sewer: A combined water and dissolved sulfate stable isotope approach},

author = {J. Houhou and B. S. Lartiges and C. France-Lanord and C. Guilmette and S. Poix and C. Mustin},

doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.024},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Water Research},

volume = {44},

pages = {256--266},

abstract = {This paper investigates the potential of stable isotopes of both water (delta D and delta O-18(H2O)) and dissolved sulfate (delta S-34 and delta O-18(SO4)) for determining the origin and the amount of clear waters entering an urban sewer. The dynamics of various hydrological processes that commonly occur within the sewer system such as groundwater infiltration, rainwater percolation, or stormwater release from retention basins, can be readily described using water isotope ratios. In particular, stable water isotopes indicate that the relative volumes of infiltrated groundwater and sewage remain approximately constant and independent of wastewater flow rate during the day, thus demonstrating that the usual quantification of parasitic discharge from minimal nocturnal flow measurements can lead to completely erroneous results. The isotopic signature of dissolved sulfate can also provide valuable information about the nature of water inputs to the sewage flow, but could not be used in our case to quantify the infiltrating water. Indeed, even though the microbial activity had a limited effect on the isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate at the sampling sites investigated, the dissolved sulfate concentration in sewage was regulated by the formation of barite and calcium-phosphate mineral species. Sulfate originating from urine was also detected as a source using the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate, which suggests that delta O-18(SO4) might find use as a urine tracer.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Derry_etal2009,

title = {Hydrothermal heat flow near the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya},

author = {L. A. Derry and M. J. Evans and R. Darling and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.036},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {286},

number = {1-2},

pages = {101--109},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gaillardet+France-Lanord2009,

title = {Rivi`eres et fleuves : acteurs de la dynamique plan\'{e}taire et du changement global},

author = {J. Gaillardet and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {G\'{e}osciences},

volume = {9},

pages = {64--71},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Perrier_etal2009,

title = {A direct evidence for high carbon dioxide and radon-222 discharge in Central Nepal},

author = {F. Perrier and P. Richon and S. Byrdina and C. France-Lanord and S. Rajaure and B. P. Koirala and P. L. Shrestha and U. P. Gautam and D. R. Tiwari and A. Revil and L. Bollinger and S. Contraires and S. Bureau and S. N. Sapkota},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.008},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {278},

number = {3-4},

pages = {198--207},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brenot_etal2008,

title = {Magnesium isotope systematics of the lithologically varied Moselle river basin, France},

author = {A. Brenot and C. Cloquet and N. Vigier and J. Carignan and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.027},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {72},

number = {20},

pages = {5070--5089},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Evans_etal2008,

title = {Degassing of metamorphic carbon dioxide from the Nepal Himalaya},

author = {M. J. Evans and L. A. Derry and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1029/2007GC001796},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems G3},

volume = {9},

number = {4},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal2008,

title = {Recycling of Graphite During Himalayan Erosion: A Geological Stabilization of Carbon in the Crust},

author = {V. Galy and O. Beyssac and C. France-Lanord and T. Eglinton},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Science},

volume = {322},

number = {5903},

pages = {943--945},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal2008_2,

title = {C4 plants decline in the Himalayan basin since the Last Glacial Maximum},

author = {V. Galy and L. Fran\c{c}ois and C. France-Lanord and P. Faure and H. Kudrass and F. Palhol and S. Singh},

doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.04.00},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Quarternary Science Reviews},

volume = {27},

pages = {1396--1409},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal2008_3,

title = {Loading and fate of particulate organic carbon from the Himalaya to the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta},

author = {V. Galy and C. France-Lanord and B. Lartiges},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.027},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {72},

number = {7},

pages = {1767--1787},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Vigier_etal2008,

title = {Quantifying Li isotope fractionation during smectite formation and implications for the Li cycle},

author = {N. Vigier and A. Decarreau and R. Millot and J. Carignan and S. Petit and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2007.11.011},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {72},

pages = {780--792},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Brenot_etal2007,

title = {Geological and land use control on d34 S and d18O of river dissolved sulfate: The Moselle river basin, France},

author = {A. Brenot and J. Carignan and C. France-Lanord and M. Beno^it},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.06.003},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {244},

number = {1-2},

pages = {25--41},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Calmels_etal2007,

title = {Sustained sulfide oxidation by physical erosion processes in the Mackenzie River basin: Climatic perspectives},

author = {D. Calmels and J. Gaillardet and A. Brenot and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1130/G24132A.1},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {35},

number = {11},

pages = {1003--1006},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal2007,

title = {Determination of total organic carbon content and d13C in carbonate-rich detrital sediments},

author = {V. Galy and J. Bouchez and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1111/j.1751-908X.2007.00864.x},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research},

volume = {31},

number = {3},

pages = {199--208},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal2007_2,

title = {Efficient organic carbon burial in the Bengal fan sustained by the Himalayan erosional system},

author = {V. Galy and C. France-Lanord and O. Beyssac and P. Faure and H. Kudrass and F. Palhol},

doi = {10.1038/nature06273},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Nature},

volume = {450},

number = {6273},

pages = {407--410},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garzanti_etal2007,

title = {Quantifying sand provenance and erosion (Marsyandi River, Nepal Himalaya)},

author = {E. Garzanti and G. Vezzoli and S. Ando and J. Lav\'{e} and M. Attal and C. France-Lanord and P. DeCelles},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {258},

pages = {500--515},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Granet_etal2007,

title = {Time-scales of sedimentary transfer and weathering processes from U-series nuclides: Clues from the Himalayan rivers},

author = {M. Granet and F. Chabaux and P. Stille and C. France-Lanord and E. Pelt},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.012},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {261},

number = {3-4},

pages = {389--406},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ndlec_etal2007,

title = {Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of the Bwipe Neoproterozoic cap dolostones (Ghana, Volta Basin): a record of microbial activity in a peritidal environment},

author = {A. N\'{e}d\'{e}lec and P. Affaton and C. France-Lanord and A. Charri`ere and J. Alvaro},

doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2005.06.002},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Comptes Rendus. G\'{e}oscience},

volume = {339},

number = {3-4},

pages = {223--239},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Aucour_etal2006,

title = {Fluxes and sources of particulate organic carbon in the Ganga-Brahmaputra river system},

author = {A. M. Aucour and C. France-Lanord and K. Pedoja and C. Pierson-Wickmann and S. M. F. Sheppard},

doi = {10.1029/2004GB002324},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},

volume = {20},

number = {2},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chabaux_etal2006,

title = {U-238-U-234-Th-230 disequilibria and timescale of sedimentary transfers in rivers: Clues from the Gangetic plain rivers},

author = {F. Chabaux and M. Granet and E. Pelt and C. France-Lanord and V. Galy},

doi = {10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.078},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geochemical Exploration},

volume = {88},

number = {1-3},

pages = {373--375},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gajurel_etal2006,

title = {C and O isotope compositions of modern fresh-water mollusc shells and river waters from the Himalaya and Ganga plain},

author = {A. P. Gajurel and C. France-Lanord and P. Huyghe and C. Guilmette and D. Gurung},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.03.002},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {233},

number = {1-2},

pages = {156--183},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Remusat_etal2006,

title = {Enrichment of deuterium in insoluble organic matter from primitive meteorites: A Solar System origin?},

author = {L. Remusat and F. Palhol and F. Robert and S. Derenne and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2005.12.010},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {243},

number = {1-2},

pages = {15--25},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Singh_etal2006,

title = {Sr and 87Sr/86Sr in waters and sediments of the Brahmaputra river system: Silicate weathering, CO2 consumption and Sr flux},

author = {S. Singh and A. Kumar and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.05.009},

year  = {2006},

date = {2006-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {234},

number = {3-4},

pages = {308--320},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal2005,

title = {Oxygen isotope composition as a tracer for the origins of rubies and sapphires},

author = {G. Giuliani and A. E. Fallick and V. Garnier and C. France-Lanord and D. Ohnenstetter},

doi = {10.1130/G21261.1},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {33},

number = {4},

pages = {249--252},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal2005_2,

title = {Les isotopes de ltextquoterightoxyg`ene, un traceur de ltextquoterightorigine g\'{e}ologique des rubis et saphirs},

author = {G. Giuliani and A. E. Fallick and V. Garnier and C. France-Lanord and D. Ohnenstetter and D. Schwarz},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Revue de Gemmologie},

number = {152},

pages = {9--11},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Singh_etal2005,

title = {Chemical erosion in the eastern Himalaya: major ion composition of the Brahmaputra and d 13C of dissolved inorganic carbon},

author = {S. Singh and M. M. Sarin and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2005.02.033},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {69},

number = {14},

pages = {3573--3588},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Evans_etal2004,

title = {Geothermal fluxes of alkalinity in the Narayani river system of central Nepal},

author = {M. J. Evans and L. A. Derry and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems G3},

volume = {5},

number = {8},

pages = {1--21},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Garzanti_etal2004,

title = {Sand petrology and focused erosion in collision orogens: the Brahmaputra case},

author = {E. Garzanti and G. Vezzoli and S. Ando and C. France-Lanord and S. K. Singh and G. Foster},

doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00035-4},

year  = {2004},

date = {2004-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {220},

number = {1-2},

pages = {157--174},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{France-Lanord_etal2003,

title = {Annual dissolved fluxes from Central Nepal rivers: budget of chemical erosion in the Himalayas},

author = {C. France-Lanord and M. Evans and J. E. Hurtrez and J. Riotte},

doi = {10.1016/j.crte.2003.09.014},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Comptes Rendus. G\'{e}oscience},

volume = {335},

number = {16},

pages = {1131--1140},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Hhndorf_etal2003,

title = {Transfer of the Sr isotopic signature of the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal},

author = {A. H\"{o}hndorf and H. R. Kudrass and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00614-8},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Deep-Sea Research II},

volume = {50},

pages = {951--960},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Marty_etal2003,

title = {Geochemical evidence for efficient aquifer isolation over geological timeframes},

author = {B. Marty and S. Dewonck and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1038/nature01966},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Nature},

volume = {425},

number = {6953},

pages = {55--58},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rollion-Bard_etal2003_2,

title = {Ph control on oxygen isotopic composition of symbiotic corals},

author = {C. Rollion-Bard and M. Chaussidon and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00391-1},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {215},

number = {1-2},

pages = {275--288},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Singh_etal2003,

title = {Re-Os isotope systematics of sediments of the Brahmaputra River System: implications for their sources and for evolution of oceanic 187Os/188Os},

author = {S. Singh and L. Reisberg and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00201-1},

year  = {2003},

date = {2003-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {67},

number = {21},

pages = {4101--4111},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pierson-Wickmann_etal2002,

title = {Impure marbles of the Lesser Himalaya: another source of continental radiogenic osmium},

author = {A. -C. Pierson-Wickmann and L. Reisberg and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00962-7},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {204},

number = {1-2},

pages = {203--214},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pierson-Wickmann_etal2002_2,

title = {Behavior of Re and Os during low temperature alteration : results from Himalayan soils},

author = {A. -C. Pierson-Wickmann and L. Reisberg and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00865-1},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {66},

number = {9},

pages = {1539--1548},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Singh+France-Lanord2002,

title = {Tracing the distribution of erosion in the Brahmaputra watershed from isotopic compositions of stream sediments},

author = {S. Singh and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00822-1},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {202},

pages = {645--662},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chabaux_etal2001,

title = {Isotopic tracing of the dissolved U fluxes in Himalayan rivers : implications for present and past U budgets of the Ganges-Brahmaputra system},

author = {F. Chabaux and J. Riotte and N. Clauer and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00669-X},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {65},

number = {19},

pages = {3201--3218},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Evans_etal2001,

title = {Hydrothermal source of radiogenic Sr to Himalayan rivers},

author = {M. Evans and L. Derry and S. Anderson and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029\<0803:HSORST\>2.0.CO;2},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {29},

number = {9},

pages = {803--806},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy+France-Lanord2001,

title = {Higher erosion rates in the Himalaya : geochemical constraints on riverine fluxes},

author = {A. Galy and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {29},

number = {1},

pages = {23--26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Huyghe_etal2001,

title = {Propagation of the thrust system and erosion in the Lesser Himalaya: Geochemical and sedimentological evidence},

author = {P. Huyghe and A. Galy and J. Mugnier and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029\<1007:POTTSA\>2.0.CO;2},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Geology},

volume = {29},

number = {11},

pages = {1007--1010},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Marty_etal2001,

title = {Water-saturated oceanic lavas from the Manus Basin : volatile behaviour during assimilation-fracional crystallisation-degassing (AFCD)},

author = {B. Marty and Y. Sano and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00275-4},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},

volume = {108},

pages = {1--10},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pierret_etal2001,

title = {Chemical and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr, d18O, dD) constraints to the formation processes of Red-Sea brines},

author = {M. C. Pierret and N. Clauer and D. Bosch and G. Blanc and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00618-9},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {65},

number = {8},

pages = {1259--1275},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pierson-Wickmann_etal2001_2,

title = {Os-Sr-Nd results from sediments in the Bay of Bengal: implications for sediment transport and the marine Os record},

author = {A. -C. Pierson-Wickmann and L. Reisberg and C. France-Lanord and H. R. Kudrass},

doi = {10.1029/2000PA000532},

year  = {2001},

date = {2001-01-01},

journal = {Paleoceanography},

volume = {16},

number = {4},

pages = {435--444},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal2000,

title = {Oxygen isotopes and emerald trade routes since the Antiquity},

author = {G. Giuliani and M. Chaussidon and H. J. Schubnel and D. H. Piat and C. Rollion-Bard and C. France-Lanord and D. Giard and D. De Narvaez and B. Rondeau},

doi = {10.1126/science.287.5453.631},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Science},

volume = {287},

number = {5453},

pages = {631--633},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal2000_2,

title = {Sulfate reduction by organic matter in Colombian emerald deposits : chemical and stable isotope (C, O, H) evidence},

author = {G. Giuliani and C. France-Lanord and A. Cheilletz and P. Coget and B. Branquet and B. Laumonier},

doi = {10.2113/95.5.1129},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Economic Geology},

volume = {95},

number = {5},

pages = {1129--1154},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Humbert_etal2000,

title = {CO2-laser extraction-static mass spectrometry analysis of ultra-low concentrations of nitrogen in silicates},

author = {F. Humbert and G. Libourel and C. France-Lanord and L. Zimmermann and B. Marty},

doi = {10.1111/j.1751-908X.2000.tb00777.x},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Geostandards Newsletter},

volume = {24},

number = {2},

pages = {255--260},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Pierson-Wickmann_etal2000,

title = {The Os isotopic composition of Himalayan river bedloads and bedrocks : importance of black shales},

author = {A. -C. Pierson-Wickmann and L. Reisberg and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00003-0},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {176},

pages = {203--218},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Rose_etal2000_2,

title = {Fractionation of boron isotopes during erosion processes : the example of Himalayan rivers},

author = {E. F. Rose and M. Chaussidon and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00117-9},

year  = {2000},

date = {2000-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {64},

number = {3},

pages = {397--408},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy+France-Lanord1999,

title = {Processes of the weathering in the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin and the riverine alkalinity budget},

author = {A. Galy and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology},

volume = {159},

pages = {31--60},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy+France-Lanord1999_2,

title = {Weathering processes in the Ganges-Brahmaputra basin and the riverine alkalinity budget},

author = {A. Galy and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section)},

volume = {159},

pages = {31--60},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal1999,

title = {The strontium isotopic budget of Himalayan Rivers in Nepal and Bangladesh},

author = {A. Galy and C. France-Lanord and L. A. Derry},

doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00081-2},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {63},

number = {13/14},

pages = {1905--1926},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal1999_2,

title = {Application de ltextquoterightanalyse isotopique par spectrom\'{e}trie de masse et sonde ionique de ltextquoterightoxyg`ene des \'{e}meraudes naturelles},

author = {G. Giuliani and M. Chaussidon and C. France-Lanord and C. Rollion-Bard and D. Mangin and P. Coget},

doi = {10.1051/analusis:1999270203},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Analusis},

volume = {27},

number = {3},

pages = {203--206},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal1999_3,

title = {Historique des gisements dtextquoteright\'{e}meraude et identification des \'{e}meraudes anciennes (1`ere partie)},

author = {G. Giuliani and M. Chaussidon and H. J. Schubnel and D. H. Piat and C. Rollion-Bard and C. France-Lanord and D. Giard and D. Narvaez and B. Rondeau},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Revue de Gemmologie},

number = {138-139},

pages = {22--23},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal1999_4,

title = {Historique des gisements dtextquoteright\'{e}meraude et identification des \'{e}meraudes anciennes (2`eme partie)},

author = {G. Giuliani and M. Chaussidon and H. J. Schubnel and D. H. Piat and C. Rollion-Bard and C. France-Lanord and D. Giard and D. Narvaez and B. Rondeau},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Revue de Gemmologie},

number = {138-139},

pages = {32--35},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{HoangQuang_etal1999,

title = {Origin of ruby formation in Yen Bai Province},

author = {V. Hoang Quang and G. Giuliani and T. Phan Trong and C. France-Lanord and P. Coget and L. Phan Van},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Geology},

volume = {S\'{e}ries B},

number = {13-14},

pages = {118--123},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Vitali_etal1999,

title = {Formation temperatures of clays from the volcaniclastic series of site 841 ODP : an oxygen isotopic record of a paleothermal flux into the Tonga forearc},

author = {F. Vitali and G. Blanc and F. Gauthier-Lafaye and C. France-Lanord},

doi = {10.1007/s004100050490},

year  = {1999},

date = {1999-01-01},

journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},

volume = {134},

number = {4},

pages = {364--369},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Gajurel_etal1998,

title = {Seismites in the Kathmandu basin, Nepal},

author = {A. P. Gajurel and P. Huyghe and C. France-Lanord and J. L. Mugnier and B. N. Upreti and P. Le Fort},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Nepal Geological Society},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal1998,

title = {Oxygen isotope systematics of emerald : relevance for its origin and geological significance},

author = {G. Giuliani and C. France-Lanord and P. Coget and D. Schwarz and A. Cheilletz and Y. Branquet and F. Giard and A. Martin-Yzard and P. Alexandrov and D. H. Piat},

year  = {1998},

date = {1998-01-01},

journal = {Mineralium Deposita},

volume = {33},

pages = {513--519},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{France-Lanord+Derry1997,

title = {Organic carbon burial forcing of the carbon cycle from Himalayan erosion},

author = {C. France-Lanord and L. Derry},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Nature},

volume = {390},

pages = {65--67},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal1997,

title = {Les gisements dtextquoteright\'{e}meraude du Br\'{e}sil : gen`ese et typologie},

author = {G. Giuliani and A. Cheilletz and J. L. Zimmermann and A. M. Ribeiro-Althoff and C. France-Lanord and G. F\'{e}raud},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Chronique de la recherche mini`ere},

volume = {526},

pages = {17--61},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Giuliani_etal1997_2,

title = {Fluid composition, dD of channel H2O, and d18O of lattice oxygen in beryls : Genetic implications for Brazilian, Colombian, and Afghanistani emerald deposits},

author = {G. Giuliani and C. France-Lanord and J. L. Zimmermann and A. Cheilletz and C. Arboleda and B. Charoy and P. Coget and F. Fontan and D. Giard},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {International Geology Review},

volume = {39},

pages = {400--424},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Reisberg_etal1997,

title = {Os isotopic compositions of leachates and bulk sediments from the Bengal Fan},

author = {L. Reisberg and C. France-Lanord and A. -C. Pierson-Wickmann},

year  = {1997},

date = {1997-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {150},

pages = {117--127},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Derry+France-Lanord1996,

title = {Neogene Himalayan weatering history and river 87Sr/86Sr: impact on the marine Sr record},

author = {L. A. Derry and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},

volume = {142},

pages = {59--74},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Derry+France-Lanord1996_2,

title = {Neogene growth of the sedimentary organic carbon reservoir},

author = {L. A. Derry and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Paleoceanography},

volume = {11},

pages = {267--275},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Galy_etal1996,

title = {The Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Himalayan belt : constraints deduced from isotopic compositions of Early Miocene turbidites in the Bengal Fan},

author = {A. Galy and C. France-Lanord and L. A. Derry},

year  = {1996},

date = {1996-01-01},

journal = {Tectonophysics},

volume = {260},

pages = {109--119},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{LeFort+France-Lanord1995,

title = {Granites from Mustang and surrounding regions (Central Nepal)},

author = {P. Le Fort and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {1995},

date = {1995-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Nepal geological Society},

volume = {11},

pages = {53--57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{France-Lanord+Derry1994,

title = {d13C of organic carbon in the Bengal Fan : Source evolution and transport of C3 and C4 plant carbon to marine sediments},

author = {C. France-Lanord and L. Derry},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {58},

number = {21},

pages = {4809--4814},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Ionov_etal1994,

title = {Oxygen isotope composition of garnet and spinel peridotites in the continental mantle : evidence from the Vitim xenolith suite, southern Siberia},

author = {D. A. Ionov and R. S. Harmon and C. France-Lanord and P. B. Greenwood and I. V. Ashchepkov},

year  = {1994},

date = {1994-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {58},

number = {5},

pages = {1463--1470},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Burbank_etal1993,

title = {Reduced Himalayan sediment production 8 Myr ago despite an intensified monsoon},

author = {D. W. Burbank and L. A. Derry and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {1993},

date = {1993-01-01},

journal = {Nature},

volume = {363},

pages = {48--50},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Alt_etal1992,

title = {Low temperature hydrothermal alteration of jurassic ocean crust, Site 801},

author = {J. C. Alt and C. France-Lanord and P. A. Floyd and P. Castillo and A. Galy},

year  = {1992},

date = {1992-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results : College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program)},

volume = {129},

pages = {415--427},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{France-Lanord_etal1992,

title = {Major element and Sr isotope composition of interstitial waters in sediments from Leg 129 : the role of diagenetic reactions},

author = {C. France-Lanord and A. Michard and A. M. Karpoff},

year  = {1992},

date = {1992-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results : College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program)},

volume = {129},

pages = {267--281},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{France-Lanord+Sheppard1992,

title = {Hydrogen isotope composition of pore waters and interlayer water in sediments from the Central Western Pacific},

author = {C. France-Lanord and S. M. F. Sheppard},

year  = {1992},

date = {1992-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results : College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program)},

volume = {129},

pages = {295--302},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Karpoff_etal1992,

title = {Miocene tuff from Mariana basin, leg 129, site 802 : a first deep-sea occurrence of thaumasite},

author = {A. M. Karpoff and C. France-Lanord and F. Lhote and P. Karcher},

year  = {1992},

date = {1992-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results : College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program)},

volume = {129},

pages = {119--135},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Boullier_etal1991,

title = {Linked fluid and tectonic evolution in the High Himalaya mountains (Nepal)},

author = {A. M. Boullier and C. France-Lanord and J. Dubessy and J. Adamy and M. Champenois},

year  = {1991},

date = {1991-01-01},

journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},

volume = {107},

pages = {358--372},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bouquillon_etal1990,

title = {Sedimentology and isotopic chemistry of the Bengal fan sediments: the denudation of the Himalaya},

author = {A. Bouquillon and C. France-Lanord and A. Michard and J. J. Tiercelin},

year  = {1990},

date = {1990-01-01},

journal = {Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results : College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program)},

volume = {116},

pages = {43--58},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Leg129ShipbordScientificParty+France-Lanord1990,

title = {Ocean Drilling Program, Leg 129. Jurassic Oceanic Crust and Sediments in the Pacific at last},

author = {Leg 129 Shipbord Scientific Party and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {1990},

date = {1990-01-01},

journal = {Geotimes},

volume = {35},

pages = {25--26},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Leg129ShipbordScientificParty+France-Lanord1990_2,

title = {Ocean Drilling Program. Ancient Crust on Pacific Plate.},

author = {Leg 129 Shipbord Scientific Party and C. France-Lanord},

year  = {1990},

date = {1990-01-01},

journal = {Nature},

volume = {345},

pages = {p.112},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Scaillet_etal1990,

title = {Badrinath-Gangotri plutons (Garhwal, India) : Petrological and geochemical evidence for fractionation processes in a High Himalayan Leucogranite},

author = {B. Scaillet and C. France-Lanord and P. Le Fort},

year  = {1990},

date = {1990-01-01},

journal = {Journal of volcanology and geothermal research},

volume = {44},

pages = {163--188},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{France-Lanord+LeFort1988,

title = {Crustal melting and granite genesis during the Himalyan collision orogenesis},

author = {C. France-Lanord and P. Le Fort},

year  = {1988},

date = {1988-01-01},

journal = {Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh-Earth Sciences},

volume = {79},

pages = {183--195},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{France-Lanord_etal1988,

title = {Hydrogen and oxygen isotope variations in the high Himalaya peraluminous Manaslu leucogranite : evidence for heterogeneous sedimentary source},

author = {C. France-Lanord and S. M. F. Sheppard and P. Le Fort},

year  = {1988},

date = {1988-01-01},

journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},

volume = {52},

pages = {513--526},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{LeFort_etal1987,

title = {Crustal generation of the Himalayan leucogranites},

author = {P. Le Fort and M. Cuney and C. Deniel and C. France-Lanord and S. M. F. Sheppard and B. N. Upreti and P. Vidal},

year  = {1987},

date = {1987-01-01},

journal = {Tectonophysics},

volume = {134},

pages = {39--57},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}