Seminars

L’hydrogène dans les chondres de chondrites carbonées : concentration, composition isotopique et spéciation
Amphithéâtre CRPG

Cosmic symplectite recorded irradiation by nearby massive stars in the solar system’s parent molecular cloud
Amphithéâtre du CRPG

A large proto-Mercury as the aubrite parent body
Amphithéatre CRPG / Zoom

Différenciation métal-silicates des petits corps
Amphithéâtre du CRPG et/ou zoom

Aqueous Alteration on Asteroids Simplifies Soluble Organic Matter Mixtures
Zoom meeting

Tellurium isotopes / Origin of volatile element depletion among carbonaceous chondrites
Zoom meeting

Aqueous alteration of meteorites: a tracer of water circulation on extraterrestrial bodies
Amphithéâtre du CRPG

Lithology and Tectonics: Building the inorganic carbon budget of a young  mountain range

Erica Erlanger, Aaron Bufe, Guillaume Paris, Ilenia D’Angeli, Luca Pisani, Preston Kemeny, Jessica Stammeier, Negar Haghipour, Niels Hovius

Résumé: Mountain building has classically been linked with CO₂ drawdown from chemical weathering of silicate minerals in the critical zone, although recent views on mountain building recognize the importance of rock-derived CO₂ emissions from the weathering of petrogenic organic carbon and inorganic carbonate. However, the focus on near-surface weathering reactions within the orogenic carbon factory does not consider the emission of metamorphic CO₂ from subduction processes in the deep crust and mantle. Such deep carbon sources could dwarf the surficial drawdown and release of carbon, in particular in actively extending mountain ranges that subduct large volumes of carbonate rock. Thus, accounting for weathering processes at depth and in the critical zone in parallel is crucial to fully assess how mountain-range uplift impacts the carbon cycle. Here, we quantify the exchange of CO₂ between rock and the atmosphere from subduction-related processes and from critical zone weathering reactions in two major river systems in the central Apennine Mountains of Italy. The catchments straddle a geodynamic gradient across the subduction zone that is expressed as changes in surface heat flow and crustal thickness, whereas climatic boundary conditions are relatively constant.  At the regional scale, we find that metamorphic CO₂ sources outpace critical zone inorganic carbon sources and sinks by 2 orders of magnitude above a window in the subducting slab that is characterized by high heat flow and low crustal thickness, and could have driven efficient degassing over the last 2 Ma. In contrast, surficial weathering processes dominate the carbon budget where crustal thickness is greater and heat flow is lower. Importantly, the difference in metamorphic degassing fluxes across the geodynamic gradient is multiple orders of magnitude larger than the difference in critical zone weathering fluxes. Thus, modulations of metamorphic decarbonation reactions are the most efficient process by which tectonics can regulate the inorganic carbon cycle in the Apennines. Both near-surface and deep sources of CO₂ must be considered when constructing the carbon budget of orogenic systems that include the subduction of carbonate rock.

Reconstructing topography of the Equatorial Variscan belt

Résumé: The first stable isotope paleoaltimetry estimates have been recently acquired for the internal zones of the eroded Variscan Belt of Western Europe (Limousin region) based on the hydrogen isotope ratios (δD) of muscovite from syntectonic leucogranites that have been emplaced at ~315 Ma. The results point to locally sourced waters that originated at high elevations (3.4 ± 0.7 km) in an area with strong relief, most likely forming a Late Carboniferous topographic high within the Variscan hinterland. Although we are limited in extrapolating isotope elevation relationships into the distant past, our results indicate that this Variscan area was high enough to block air masses from the SE and induces an orographic rainshadow to the North.A minimum mean elevation of ~ 3.4 km is reinforced using a new empirical relationship between elevation and the stable isotope composition of precipitation and surface waters (-1.5‰/km for δ¹⁸O & -14‰/km for δD) established across the Western Southern Ecuadorian Andes, which, like the Variscan belt was during the Carboniferous, is located at (or near) the Equator.

Explorer l’évolution géomorphologique d’un bassin versant de montagne par la modélisation du 10Be in situ dans des profils d’altération à haute résolution, des sols et des sédiments de rivière (Observatoire du Strengbach, OHGE, Vosges, France)

Résumé: Une riche base de donnée combinant des analyses de 10Be in situ dans des profils d’altération à haute résolution spatial, des échantillons de sol et des sédiments de rivière a été interprétée pour explorer l’évolution géomorphologique d’un bassin versant de montagne (Observatoire du Strengbach, OHGE, Vosges, France). La variabilité spatiale des taux de dénudation indique que la géomorphologie du bassin évolue d’une manière dynamique : une érosion fluviale régressive incise la partie aval du bassin versant alors que les zones sommitales s’érodent moins rapidement. L’étude permet également de détecter la présence de régolithe mobile le long des pentes, et montre comment la structure actuelle de la zone critique est impactée par ce processus important. La diversité des approches permet également d’estimer l’impact d’une hypothèse fréquemment réalisée dans la communauté des isotopes cosmogéniques : l’hypothèse d’état stationnaire des concentrations de 10Be. Notre étude montre que les états stationnaires pour les concentrations de 10Be, pour le bilan de masse du régolithe et pour la géomorphologie d’un bassin versant ne sont pas toujours atteint dans la même fenêtre temporelle. Dans le cas du Strengbach, un état stationnaire pour l’épaisseur des sols est atteint avant celui des concentrations de 10Be in situ, démontrant que cette hypothèse d’état stationnaire des concentrations de 10Be in situ doit être prudemment utilisée dans des contextes de montagne.

How to localize deformation in claystones ? experiments from the micro to the macro scale

A Scharfetter Gummel based efficient and accurate numerical model for glacier ice flow modeling

Transverse drainage on growing fold: a case study of the Tugerming anticline in southern Tian Shan foreland

Quantifier l’érosion côtière à long terme: de la reconstruction topographique des îles volcaniques aux isotopes cosmogéniques

An integrated approach to landslide hazards assessment at the regional and local scale

Petrology of Neogene-Quaternary Bengal Fan turbidites (IODP Expedition 354, Sites U1449 to U1454): provenance versus diagenetic control.

Expression et âge de la déformation intraplaque au front d’un orogène : du Chevauchement Frontal Nord Pyrénéen à la bordure sud du Massif Central, France